The epidemiology of electric scooter-related injuries in Malaga: effects of shifting from sidewalks to streets under new traffic regulations

Abstract

Objectives To analyze injuries associated with electric scooter use in Malaga and assess the impact of recent traffic regulations, specifically the shift of electric scooters from sidewalks to streets with a speed limit of 25 km/h. Methods Retrospective descriptive study of patients attending the emergency department of the Regional University Hospital of Malaga due to electric scooter injuries between January 2018 and December 2022. The study cohort was divided into pre- and post-regulation periods, using January 2021 as the index date. Results A total of 404 patients were included. Most injuries affected the upper extremities, head and neck, face, and lower extremities. After the regulation, pedestrian collisions decreased (10.9 % → 5.2 %; p = 0.039), while collisions with cars increased (8.8 % → 18 %; p = 0.016). Injury severity and fracture locations remained similar before and after the regulation. Alcohol consumption and nighttime riding were associated with higher odds of moderate to severe injuries. Conclusions The number of electric scooter-related accidents has increased over the years. Shifting electric scooters from sidewalks to streets reduces pedestrian collisions but increases exposure to motor vehicles, highlighting a key policy trade-off. Most injuries involve the head and facial bones, supporting helmet use. These findings provide evidence to inform future preventive measures and regulatory strategies.