¿Me pongo el “bozal” o no? Redes semánticas, desinformación y emociones en el movimiento antimascarillas en Twitter
Loading...
Identifiers
Publication date
Reading date
Collaborators
Advisors
Tutors
Editors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
Share
Department/Institute
Abstract
Este artículo estudia las narrativas del movimiento antimascarillas observando la evolución de la
conversación sobre los “bozales” y las mascarillas en Twitter comparando tres momentos temporales
(2020-2023) y prestando especial atención al caso español. Si bien es prolífica la investigación en
ciencias sociales sobre la pandemia, se ha prestado poca atención al estudio de las redes semánticas.
Este trabajo parte de una colección de datos del proyecto NON-CONSPIRA-HATE! (Conspiracy Theories
Dataset, 2020-2023) de 5,509,549 tuits orgánicos a partir de la cual se extrae una submuestra en
español de 556.549 tuits con los mensajes sobre bozales, mascarillas y términos equivalentes. Se
estudió la evolución temporal del discurso sobre mascarillas a través de tokens, menciones, hashtags,
sus redes de co-ocurrencias (co-menciones, co-hashtags), comunidades de pertenencia y el análisis
de sentimientos y emociones. Se evidencia el protagonismo narrativo del “bozal” en el movimiento
antimascarillas, así como la diversidad de redes de co-menciones y co-hashtags, destacándose tanto
actores, menciones y narrativas locales como globales. Estas últimas muestran su centralidad en el
discurso conspirativo del ámbito hispanohablante. Respecto a España, se muestra una gran
desconfianza hacia las autoridades públicas, fuertes críticas e incluso ira hacia líderes políticos de todo
el espectro ideológico y ataques a los medios de comunicación.
This article examines the narratives of the anti-mask movement by analyzing the evolution of the conversation about "muzzles" and masks on Twitter, comparing three time periods (2020–2023), and paying special attention to the Spanish case. While social science research on the pandemic is prolific, little attention has been given to the study of semantic networks. This work is based on data collected by the NON-CONSPIRA-HATE! Project (Conspiracy Theories Dataset, 2020-2023), comprising 5,509,549 organic tweets, from which a Spanish-language subsample of 556,549 tweets discussing muzzles, masks, and equivalent terms was collected. The temporal evolution of the discourse on masks was analyzed through tokens, mentions, hashtags, their co-occurrence networks (co-mentions, co-hashtags), community affiliations, and sentiment and emotion analysis. The study highlights the narrative prominence of the term "muzzle" within the anti-mask movement, as well as the diversity of co-mentions and co-hashtags networks, with both local and global actors, mentions, and narratives standing out. The latter demonstrate their centrality in the conspirative discourse within the Spanish-speaking sphere. In the case of Spain, the findings reveal significant distrust toward public authorities, strong criticism, and even anger directed at political leaders across the ideological spectrum, along with attacks on the media
This article examines the narratives of the anti-mask movement by analyzing the evolution of the conversation about "muzzles" and masks on Twitter, comparing three time periods (2020–2023), and paying special attention to the Spanish case. While social science research on the pandemic is prolific, little attention has been given to the study of semantic networks. This work is based on data collected by the NON-CONSPIRA-HATE! Project (Conspiracy Theories Dataset, 2020-2023), comprising 5,509,549 organic tweets, from which a Spanish-language subsample of 556,549 tweets discussing muzzles, masks, and equivalent terms was collected. The temporal evolution of the discourse on masks was analyzed through tokens, mentions, hashtags, their co-occurrence networks (co-mentions, co-hashtags), community affiliations, and sentiment and emotion analysis. The study highlights the narrative prominence of the term "muzzle" within the anti-mask movement, as well as the diversity of co-mentions and co-hashtags networks, with both local and global actors, mentions, and narratives standing out. The latter demonstrate their centrality in the conspirative discourse within the Spanish-speaking sphere. In the case of Spain, the findings reveal significant distrust toward public authorities, strong criticism, and even anger directed at political leaders across the ideological spectrum, along with attacks on the media
Description
Bibliographic citation
Gualda, E., Pastora-Estebanez, P., & García-Faroldi, L. (2026). ¿Me pongo el “bozal” o no? Redes semánticas, desinformación y emociones en el movimiento antimascarillas en Twitter. Redes. Revista Hispana Para El análisis De Redes Sociales, 37(2), 52–80. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/redes.1129
Collections
Endorsement
Review
Supplemented By
Referenced by
Creative Commons license
Except where otherwised noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional










