Efectos de la actividad física en relación con distintos procesos y funciones cognitivas en escolares con obesidad de entre 6 y 12 años.
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La actividad física tiene múltiples efectos en procesos y funciones cognitivas en
menores, lo cual supone un recurso útil no solo para un buen desarrollo físico sino
cognitivo y conductual. El objetivo de esta investigación se basa en comprobar la relación
que existe entre la práctica de diferentes tipos e intensidades de actividad física y el
análisis de variables cognitivas tales como comprensión verbal, velocidad de
procesamiento, memoria de trabajo, inteligencia visoespacial y razonamiento fluido. El
estudio se engloba dentro de un diseño cuasiexperimental de carácter descriptivo y
correlacional. La muestra está formada por 54 estudiantes con obesidad (29 chicos y 25
chicas) de diferentes centros educativos de la ciudad de Málaga. Las pruebas empleadas
para la investigación evaluarán: procesos y funciones ejecutivas a través de la Escala
Wechsler de Inteligencia para niños y adolescentes (WISC-V); cantidad e intensidad de
actividad física utilizando acelerometría y, por último, un análisis antropométrico y de
composición corporal usando un escáner de absorciometría de rayos X de energía dual
(DXA), un estadiómetro y báscula portátiles. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y
correlaciones y cuyos datos nos informan que los participantes no cumplen con las
indicaciones diarias de actividad física recomendada y que altos niveles de intensidad de
actividad física mejora los procesos cognitivos. Se concluye que hay que fomentar la
práctica deportiva en las instituciones educativas apoyados por el juego y con grandes
cargas cognitivas para favorecer tanto la salud física como mental de nuestros escolares.
Physical activity has multiple effects on cognitive processes and functions in children, serving as a useful resource not only for physical but also cognitive and behavioral development. The objective of this research is to examine the relationship between different types and intensities of physical activity and the analysis of cognitive variables such as verbal comprehension, processing speed, working memory, visuospatial intelligence, and fluid reasoning. The study is part of a quasi-experimental design with a descriptive and correlational nature. The sample consists of 54 obese students (29 boys and 25 girls) from different educational centers in the city of Malaga. The tests used for the research will assess executive processes and functions through the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and Adolescents (WISC-V); quantity and intensity of physical activity using accelerometry, and finally, an anthropometric and body composition analysis using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner, a portable stadiometer, and scale. Descriptive and correlation analyses were performed, and the data inform us that the participants do not meet the recommended daily guidelines for physical activity and that high levels of physical activity intensity improve cognitive processes. It is concluded that sports practice should be promoted in educational institutions, supported by play and with high cognitive loads, to promote both the physical and mental health of our schoolchildren.
Physical activity has multiple effects on cognitive processes and functions in children, serving as a useful resource not only for physical but also cognitive and behavioral development. The objective of this research is to examine the relationship between different types and intensities of physical activity and the analysis of cognitive variables such as verbal comprehension, processing speed, working memory, visuospatial intelligence, and fluid reasoning. The study is part of a quasi-experimental design with a descriptive and correlational nature. The sample consists of 54 obese students (29 boys and 25 girls) from different educational centers in the city of Malaga. The tests used for the research will assess executive processes and functions through the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and Adolescents (WISC-V); quantity and intensity of physical activity using accelerometry, and finally, an anthropometric and body composition analysis using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanner, a portable stadiometer, and scale. Descriptive and correlation analyses were performed, and the data inform us that the participants do not meet the recommended daily guidelines for physical activity and that high levels of physical activity intensity improve cognitive processes. It is concluded that sports practice should be promoted in educational institutions, supported by play and with high cognitive loads, to promote both the physical and mental health of our schoolchildren.
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