Implementation frameworks guiding digital self-management intervention in chronic pain: a scoping review

Abstract

Background and Objective: The development, evaluation and implementation of digital self-management interventions for chronic pain have increased exponentially. While intervention outcomes appear promising to improve well-being and functioning in target populations, it is unclear how the development and evaluation processes were structured and how implementation was planned and executed. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a comprehensive overview of implementation frameworks used to guide and evaluate scientific innovation in chronic pain. Conclusions: By utilizing implementation frameworks, access to evidence- based chronic pain care may be increased. Although the evidence on the utility of implementation frameworks to guide and evaluate digital self- management interventions is still limited, the body of literature is increasing. Future studies are urged to operationalize, communicate and discuss the innovation process, to promote transparency and replicability. Significance: The use of implementation frameworks to guide and evaluate digital self- management interventions for chronic pain is a recent development in the field. Several promising examples exist and are presented in this review. Currently, the evidence is still limited, and prospective studies need to trans-parently operationalize, communicate and discuss their efforts. By utilizing an implementation framework, promising interventions can be made available to end- users, closing the research- to- clinical practice gap and increasing access to evidence- based care to people with chronic pain.