Capsid amino acids at positions 247 and 270 are involved in the virulence of betanodaviruses to European sea bass.

Abstract

The role of the capsid protein (Cp) amino acids 247 and 270 in the virulence of a RGNNV isolate to sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) has been evaluated by the generation of recombinant RGNNV viruses harbouring SJNNV-type amino acids in the above mentioned positions (Mut247Dl965, Mut270Dl965 and Mut247+270Dl965). Viral in vitro and in vivo replication, virus virulence and fish immune response triggered by these viruses have been analysed. Mutated viruses replicate on E-11 cells, although showing some differences compared to the wild type virus, suggesting that the mutations can affect the viral cell recognition and entry. In vivo, fish mortality caused by mutated viruses was 60% lower, and viral replication in sea bass brain was altered compared to non-mutated virus. Regarding sea bass immune response, mutated viruses triggered a lower induction of IFN I system and inflammatory response-related genes. Furthermore, mutations caused changes in viral serological properties (especially the mutation in amino acid 270), inducing higher seroconversion and changing antigen recognition.