El miedo como lenguaje político: la desinformación sobre personas migrantes en España
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Universidad Tecnológica Equinoccial
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La investigación analiza la desinformación sobre migración en España como un sistema estructural de producción simbólica del miedo, donde las emociones actúan como eje de cohesión social y herramienta de control político. El estudio parte de que los bulos sobre migración difundidos entre 2020 y 2024 configuran una pedagogía emocional que transforma la inseguridad económica y la ansiedad cultural en narrativas de amenaza. El objetivo es identificar los marcos discursivos y afectivos mediante los cuales la desinformación construye al migrante como figura de peligro y examinar el papel de la verificación periodística como práctica de resistencia. La metodología adopta un enfoque cualitativo basado en el análisis crítico del discurso y en la sociología de las emociones, aplicado a un informe de la plataforma de verificación española Maldita Migración, que documenta 500 bulos verificados. El estudio organiza los resultados en tres ejes del miedo: la pérdida de seguridad, de bienestar y de identidad. Los resultados demuestran que la desinformación no es un fenómeno marginal, sino un dispositivo cultural que convierte la emoción en forma de conocimiento. Los bulos confirman la vigencia de marcos de pánico moral, agravio económico y nostalgia cultural, reinterpretados desde el contexto español contemporáneo. Se concluye que la desinformación opera como tecnología afectiva que traduce la incertidumbre en exclusión simbólica y que la alfabetización mediática y el fact-checking son herramientas decisivas para reconstruir la confianza democrática.
This paper examines disinformation about migration in Spain as a structural system for the symbolic production of fear, in which emotions function as both a mechanism of social cohesion and an instrument of political control. It departs from the premise that the falsehoods concerning migration disseminated between 2020 and 2024 constitute an emotional pedagogy that transforms economic insecurity and cultural anxiety into narratives of threat. The aim is to identify the discursive and affective frameworks through which disinformation constructs the migrant as a figure of danger, and to analyse the role of journalistic fact-checking as a practice of resistance. The methodology follows a qualitative approach grounded in critical discourse analysis and the sociology of emotions, applied to a report by the Spanish verification platform Maldita Migración, which documents 500 verified falsehoods. The study organises its findings around three axes of fear: the loss of security, welfare, and identity. The results show that disinformation is not a marginal phenomenon but a cultural device that transforms emotion into a form of knowledge. The falsehoods confirm the persistence of moral panic, economic grievance, and cultural nostalgia frameworks, reinterpreted within the contemporary Spanish context. The study concludes that disinformation operates as an affective technology that translates uncertainty into symbolic exclusion, and that media literacy and fact-checking are crucial tools for rebuilding democratic trust.
This paper examines disinformation about migration in Spain as a structural system for the symbolic production of fear, in which emotions function as both a mechanism of social cohesion and an instrument of political control. It departs from the premise that the falsehoods concerning migration disseminated between 2020 and 2024 constitute an emotional pedagogy that transforms economic insecurity and cultural anxiety into narratives of threat. The aim is to identify the discursive and affective frameworks through which disinformation constructs the migrant as a figure of danger, and to analyse the role of journalistic fact-checking as a practice of resistance. The methodology follows a qualitative approach grounded in critical discourse analysis and the sociology of emotions, applied to a report by the Spanish verification platform Maldita Migración, which documents 500 verified falsehoods. The study organises its findings around three axes of fear: the loss of security, welfare, and identity. The results show that disinformation is not a marginal phenomenon but a cultural device that transforms emotion into a form of knowledge. The falsehoods confirm the persistence of moral panic, economic grievance, and cultural nostalgia frameworks, reinterpreted within the contemporary Spanish context. The study concludes that disinformation operates as an affective technology that translates uncertainty into symbolic exclusion, and that media literacy and fact-checking are crucial tools for rebuilding democratic trust.
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Rojas-Rodríguez, J.E., Pérez-Rufí, J.P., & Martín-Martín, P. (2026). El miedo como lenguaje político: la desinformación sobre personas migrantes en España. (2026). Tsafiqui - Revista Científica En Ciencias Sociales, 16(1), 153-167. https://doi.org/10.29019/tsafiqui.v16i1.1676
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