Twenty years of evolution and diversification of digitaria streak virus in Digitaria setigera.
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Oxford University Press
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Abstract
El digitaria streak virus (DSV), un mastrevirus de la familia Geminiviridae, ha sido mantenido durante más de veinte años en plantas de Digitaria setigera propagadas vegetativamente en tres laboratorios de Francia e Italia. En este estudio se analizaron quince muestras virales derivadas de la planta original infectada en Vanuatu para caracterizar la variabilidad genética, la complejidad intra-huésped y las tasas evolutivas del virus. A partir de secuencias consenso y de 165 haplotipos, se estimaron tasas de sustitución entre 1.13 × 10⁻⁴ y 9.87 × 10⁻⁴ sustituciones/sitio/año, dentro del rango de otros virus ssDNA y RNA. Los análisis revelaron poblaciones altamente variables organizadas como cuasiespecies, con sesgos mutacionales hacia desaminación y oxidación del ADN monocatenario. La región más variable, que codifica la proteína de movimiento, mostró fijación rápida de mutaciones y señales de selección positiva, mientras que el gen de la cápside acumuló mutaciones sin fijación. Los patrones filogenéticos indican la divergencia de tres linajes virales asociados a los centros de mantenimiento, impulsada por cuellos de botella y propagación vegetativa. Estos resultados muestran la evolución dinámica y modular de DSV y resaltan el papel de las cuasiespecies víricas en la diversificación de los geminivirus.
Digitaria streak virus (DSV), a mastrevirus of the Geminiviridae family, was maintained for over twenty years in Digitaria setigera plants propagated vegetatively in laboratories in France and Italy. This study analyzed fifteen viral samples derived from the original infected plant from Vanuatu to characterize genetic variability, intra-host diversity, and evolutionary rates. Consensus sequences and 165 haplotypes revealed substitution rates between 1.13 × 10⁻⁴ and 9.87 × 10⁻⁴ substitutions/site/year, consistent with other ssDNA and RNA viruses. DSV populations displayed high variability and quasispecies structure, with mutation biases toward deamination and oxidation of ssDNA. The most variable region, encoding the movement protein, showed rapid fixation of mutations and strong positive selection, whereas capsid protein mutations rarely fixed. Phylogenetic analyses revealed three divergent lineages associated with the different propagation centers, likely driven by bottlenecks during vegetative maintenance. These results highlight the dynamic, modular evolution of DSV and the central role of viral quasispecies in geminivirus diversification.
Digitaria streak virus (DSV), a mastrevirus of the Geminiviridae family, was maintained for over twenty years in Digitaria setigera plants propagated vegetatively in laboratories in France and Italy. This study analyzed fifteen viral samples derived from the original infected plant from Vanuatu to characterize genetic variability, intra-host diversity, and evolutionary rates. Consensus sequences and 165 haplotypes revealed substitution rates between 1.13 × 10⁻⁴ and 9.87 × 10⁻⁴ substitutions/site/year, consistent with other ssDNA and RNA viruses. DSV populations displayed high variability and quasispecies structure, with mutation biases toward deamination and oxidation of ssDNA. The most variable region, encoding the movement protein, showed rapid fixation of mutations and strong positive selection, whereas capsid protein mutations rarely fixed. Phylogenetic analyses revealed three divergent lineages associated with the different propagation centers, likely driven by bottlenecks during vegetative maintenance. These results highlight the dynamic, modular evolution of DSV and the central role of viral quasispecies in geminivirus diversification.
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Virus Evolution, 2021, 7(2), 1–14
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