Desarrollo de modelo anatómico mediante fabricación aditiva para entrenamiento en punción guiada por ecografía
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Este Trabajo Fin de Máster presenta el diseño y fabricación de un modelo anatómico con forma de brazo humano para la práctica de punción ecoguiada, dirigido a entornos docentes. El objetivo ha sido desarrollar un simulador funcional,
económico y reproducible, que permita a los estudiantes adquirir habilidades en el uso de ecografía para la punción vascular.
La metodología ha combinado tecnologías de impresión 3D para la creación de moldes y de módulos con técnicas de moldeo en silicona, comparando distintas resinas y elastómeros (como son la LiqCreate Premium FLex y la Dragon Skin 30) en función de su dureza ante la punción, comportamiento ante el ecógrafo, densidad, módulo elástico e impedancia acústica. También se ha realizado un estudio económico con el objetivo de compararlo frente a modelos comerciales, con el fin de evaluar su viabilidad y sostenibilidad en un contexto formativo.
Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los modelos fabricados ofrecen una estructura anatómica realista, permiten la identificación mediante el ecógrafo de estructuras vasculares y son reutilizables tras múltiples punciones. El coste por unidad ha resultado bastante inferior al de los fantomas comerciales, sin comprometer la calidad del entrenamiento.
Este trabajo demuestra que es posible desarrollar fantomas personalizados y de bajo coste con materiales y tecnología accesible, impulsando nuevas formas de enseñar técnicas médicas.
This Master’s Thesis presents the design and fabrication of an anatomical model in the shape of a human arm for ultrasound-guided puncture practice, aimed at educational environments. The objective was to develop a functional, cost-effective, and reproducible simulator that allows students to acquire skills in the use of ultrasound for vascular access. The methodology combined 3D printing technologies for the creation of molds and modules with silicone molding techniques, comparing different resins and elastomers (such as LiqCreate Premium Flex and Dragon Skin 30) based on their puncture resistance, ultrasound behavior, density, elastic modulus, and acoustic impedance. An economic study was also carried out to compare the model with commercial alternatives, in order to evaluate its feasibility and sustainability in a training context. The results show that the fabricated models offer realistic anatomical structure, allow the identification of vascular structures under ultrasound, and are reusable after multiple punctures. The cost per unit was significantly lower than that of commercial phantoms, without compromising training quality. This work demonstrates that it is possible to develop customized, low-cost phantoms using accessible materials and technology, promoting new ways of teaching medical techniques.
This Master’s Thesis presents the design and fabrication of an anatomical model in the shape of a human arm for ultrasound-guided puncture practice, aimed at educational environments. The objective was to develop a functional, cost-effective, and reproducible simulator that allows students to acquire skills in the use of ultrasound for vascular access. The methodology combined 3D printing technologies for the creation of molds and modules with silicone molding techniques, comparing different resins and elastomers (such as LiqCreate Premium Flex and Dragon Skin 30) based on their puncture resistance, ultrasound behavior, density, elastic modulus, and acoustic impedance. An economic study was also carried out to compare the model with commercial alternatives, in order to evaluate its feasibility and sustainability in a training context. The results show that the fabricated models offer realistic anatomical structure, allow the identification of vascular structures under ultrasound, and are reusable after multiple punctures. The cost per unit was significantly lower than that of commercial phantoms, without compromising training quality. This work demonstrates that it is possible to develop customized, low-cost phantoms using accessible materials and technology, promoting new ways of teaching medical techniques.
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