RT Journal Article T1 Optimal routing for electric vehicle macro-groups in urban areas: Application to the city of Santiago, Chile A1 De-la-Torre-Fazio, Sebastián Bienvenido A1 Aguado-Sánchez, José Antonio A1 Sauma, Enzo A1 Lozano-Martos, Alejandro K1 Vehículos eléctricos K1 Sistemas de comunicaciones inalámbricos AB With increasing penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) and growing interest in Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology,the route optimization problem for EVs and the interaction with the power grid is becoming a more relevantresearch topic. We aim to optimize the route selection and charging/discharging patterns to improve the overalleconomic profits of EVs, considering time-varying energy prices, location of charging infrastructure and travelingschedules for EVs. We propose an optimization-based approach for EV routing where vehicles may recharge on-the-route at public charging infrastructure as well as at privately-owned depots. The objective function considerscharging/discharging strategies under both, net billing and net metering tariff schemes. We also study someemerging technological solutions, such as autonomous vehicles, that can introduce more flexibility to the systemoperations. The proposed approach is evaluated using an origin-destination survey and the real traffic maparound Santiago, Chile. Our results show that, while most EVs made minimum-distance home-work trips, it isoptimal for some EVs to make additional trips to charge at cheaper nodes or inject at more expensive nodes,resulting in significant profit variations. Additionally, different values of charger availability influence totalprofit, resulting in profit fluctuations of up to 2 % in our case study. PB Elsevier YR 2024 FD 2024-12 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/36180 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/36180 LA eng NO Torre, S. de la, Aguado, J., Sauma, E., & Lozano-Martos, A. (2024). Optimal routing for electric vehicle macro-groups in urban areas: Application to the city of Santiago, Chile. Energy (Oxford), 313, 133996-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.133996 NO The authors would like to acknowledge the funding obtained from the Spanish “Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades” through Project ENE. PID2022-142372OB-C22. “Intelligent Grid-Forming EV Hubs: Power processing, Control, Operation and Exploitation”. Also, the work reported in this paper was partially funded by ANID through ANID/Millennium Scientific Initiative/ICN2021-023 (MIGA) and ANID/FONDECYT-Regular/1220439 grants. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBUA. DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 19 ene 2026