RT Generic T1 Replication Data for: Ingroup and Outgroup Effects on Party Placement Perceptions. A1 Mauerer, Ingrid Doris A1 Puy-Segura, María Socorro K1 Política identitaria K1 Identidad colectiva K1 Opinión pública K1 Ciudadanía - País Vasco - Actitudes AB How do identities affect our political perceptions? Drawing on the social identity theory, we offer a new notion and empirical modeling strategy to study divergence in party placement perceptions. Our framework builds on the idea that membership in social groups has the potential to act as a social identity by systematically structuring perceptual divergence among groups. We conceptualize two consequences of social identity formation, ingroup favoritism and outgroup hostility: an ingroup effect brings a party closer to the preferred policy of the group; an outgroup effect pushes the party away. The approach permits detecting these effects and pinpoints the group-based characteristics producing perceptual polarization in multiparty systems using standard public opinion survey data. An application to the Basque region of Spain shows that over two decades, social identities around national sentiments and religion have produced the most perceptual divergence and polarization, whereas gender or social class do not structure party perceptions in the region. PB Harvard Dataverse YR 2025 FD 2025 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/40891 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/40891 LA eng NO Mauerer, I. & Puy, M. S. (2025). "Replication Data for: Ingroup and Outgroup Effects on Party Placement Perceptions", Harvard Dataverse, V1. https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/PJBO5S NO Program EMERGIA (EMC21-00256), Junta de Andalucía, NO ID2020-114309GB-I00 financed by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 20 ene 2026