RT Journal Article T1 Covert Channels-based Stealth Attacks in Industry 4.0 A1 Alcaraz-Tello, María Cristina A1 Bernieri, Giuseppe A1 Pascucci, Federica A1 Lopez, Javier A1 Setola, Roberto K1 Seguridad informática AB Industry 4.0 advent opens several cyber-threats scenarios originally designed for classic information technology, drawing the attention to serious risks for the modern industrial control networks. To cope with this problem, in this paper we address the security issues related to covert channels applied to industrial networks, identifying the new vulnerability points when information technologies converge with operational technologies such as edge computing infrastructures. Specifically, we define two signaling strategies where we exploit the ModbusTCP protocol as target to set up a covert channel. Once the threat channel is established, passive and active offensive methodologies are further exploited by implementing and testing them on a real Industrial Internet of Things testbed. The experimental results highlight the potential damage of such specific threats and the easy extrapolation of the attacks to other types of channels in order to show the new risks for the Industry 4.0. Related to this, we discuss some countermeasures offering an overview of possible mitigation and defensive measures. PB IEEE Xplore YR 2019 FD 2019-05-15 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/36355 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/36355 LA eng NO C. Alcaraz, G. Bernieri, F. Pascucci, J. Lopez and R. Setola, "Covert Channels-Based Stealth Attacks in Industry 4.0," in IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 3980-3988, Dec. 2019, doi: 10.1109/JSYST.2019.2912308 DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 4 mar 2026