RT Journal Article T1 Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) Booster Vaccination Increases Senegalese Sole Survival and Enhances Immunoprotection A1 López-Vázquez, Carmen A1 Souto, Sandra A1 Olveira, José G. A1 Riaza, Ana A1 González, Óscar A1 Labella Vera, Alejandro Manuel K1 Virus AB Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), caused by nervous necrosis virus (NNV), is a serious threat to Senegalese sole farming. We have previously demonstrated that immunization with an inactivated vaccine confers partial protection against the infection. However, a vaccination program must be finely adjusted to achieve the best results in terms of immune system stimulation and protection. In this study we show that a booster injection 30 days after prime vaccination increases sole survival and reduces NNV replication in brain (viral target organ). The analysis of immune-related genes expression indicated that T CD4+ lymphocytes and the proteins Mx and HERC4 may play an important role in the protection. These findings increase our understanding of sole immune response against NNV and may contribute to the development of effective protection measures. PB IOAP-MDPI YR 2022 FD 2022-12-23 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/25966 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/25966 LA eng NO López-Vázquez C, Souto S, Olveira JG, Riaza A, González Ó, Brea C, Labella AM, Castro D, Bandín I. Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) Booster Vaccination Increases Senegalese Sole Survival and Enhances Immunoprotection. Animals. 2023; 13(1):51. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13010051 NO This research was funded by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIUI), the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI) and FEDER, grant number RTI2018-094687-B-C21. Dr. Sandra Souto was funded with a postdoctoral grant from Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Universidade, Xunta de Galicia (grant number: ED481D-2022-024). Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 4 mar 2026