RT Journal Article T1 Microscale image encoding on metal halide perovskite thin films for anti-counterfeiting applications A1 Ramos-Terrón, Susana A1 De Miguel, Gustavo A1 Leinen, Dietmar A1 Munilla-Fajardo, Jorge A1 Romero-Gómez, Pablo K1 Perovskita - Innovaciones tecnológicas K1 Aprendizaje automático AB Metal halide perovskite thin films are a demand in many technological areas since they fulfill therequirements expected in different applications, including solar cells and LEDs. In this article, wedemonstrate for the first time that perovskite thin films have the potential to be incorporated in productsas an anticounterfeit solution in self-identification methods due to their ability to generate images on itssurface with motifs at the microscale range. The images can be recorded using an optical microscopewith a camera and can be recognized automatically using a convolutional neural network. The surfacepattern of the thin films can be designed by modifying the perovskite composition, structure, and surfacestrain making falsification difficult to reproduce and mimic. To this end, perovskite thin films have beencharacterized using X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis spectroscopy and optical microscopy. We report a batch of5 types of CsxFA1−xPbI3−xBrx perovskite thin films obtained by modifying the experimental conditions thatexhibit recognized patterns with accuracy detection of 94.2% PB Royal Society of Chemistry YR 2025 FD 2025-06-04 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/38873 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/38873 LA eng NO RSC Adv., 2025, 15, 18768–18776 NO Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga/CBUA NO PID2020-119209RB-I00 project grant funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 20 ene 2026