RT Journal Article T1 Pseudomonas syringae subpopulations cooperate by coordinating flagellar and type III secretion spatiotemporal dynamics to facilitate plant infection. A1 López-Pagán, Nieves A1 Rufián Plaza, José Sebastián A1 Luneau, Julien A1 Sánchez-Romero, María Antonia A1 Aussel, Laurent A1 van Vliet, Simon A1 Ruiz-Albert, Francisco Javier A1 Beuzón-López, Carmen del Rosario K1 Pseudomonas syringae - Genética K1 Interacción genotipo-medio ambiente AB Isogenic bacterial populations can display probabilistic cell-to-cell variationin response to challenges. This phenotypic heterogeneity can affect virulencein animals, but its impact on plant pathogens is unknown. Previously, weshowed that expression of the type III secretion system (T3SS) of the plantpathogen Pseudomonas syringae displays phenotypic variation in planta.Here we use flow cytometry and microscopy to investigate single-cell flagellarexpression in relation to T3SS expression, showing that both systemsundergo phenotypic heterogeneity in vitro in apoplast-mimicking mediumand within apoplastic microcolonies throughout colonization of Phaseolusvulgaris. Stochastic, spatial and time factors shape the dynamics of aphenotypically diverse pathogen population that displays division of labourduring colonization: effectors produced by T3SS-expressing bacteria act as‘common goods’ to suppress immunity, allowing motile flagella-expressingbacteria to increase and leave infected tissue before necrosis. Theseresults showcase the mechanisms of bacterial specialization during plantcolonization in an environmentally and agriculturally relevant system. PB Nature Research YR 2025 FD 2025-04-02 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/38377 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/38377 LA eng NO López-Pagán N, Rufián JS, Luneau J, Sánchez-Romero MA, Aussel L, van Vliet S, Ruiz-Albert J, Beuzón CR. Pseudomonas syringae subpopulations cooperate by coordinating flagellar and type III secretion spatiotemporal dynamics to facilitate plant infection. Nat Microbiol. 2025 Apr;10(4):958-972. doi: 10.1038/s41564-025-01966-0. Epub 2025 Apr 2. PMID: 40175722. NO MCIN/AEI/10.13039/5011100011033; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); Aix-Marseille University (AMU); Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Junta de Andalucía; Universidad de Málaga (UMA). PID2020-116995RB-I00CNS2022-135641QUAL21 012 IHSMPID2021- 127245OB-I00PZ00P3_20218651NF40_ 225148 DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 19 ene 2026