RT Journal Article
T1 Trends in Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish Children and Adolescents across Two Decades.
A1 Herrera-Ramos, Estefanía
A1 Tomaino, Laura
A1 Sánchez-Villegas, Almudena
A1 Ribas-Barba, Lourdes
A1 Gómez, Santiago F.
A1 Warnberg, Julia
A1 Osés-Recalde, Maddi
A1 González-Gross, Marcela
A1 Gusi, Narcís
A1 Aznar, Susana
A1 Marín-Cascales, Elena
A1 González-Valeiro, Miguel Ángel
A1 Terrados, Nicolás
A1 Tur, Josep A.
A1 Segú, Marta
A1 Fitó, Montserrat
A1 Homs, Clara
A1 Benavente Marín, Juan Carlos
A1 Labayen, Idoia
A1 Zapico, Augusto G.
A1 Sánchez-Gómez, Jesús
A1 Jiménez-Zazo, Fabio
A1 Alcaraz-Ramón, Pedro Emilio
A1 Sevilla-Sánchez, Marta
A1 Pulgar-Muñoz, Susana
A1 Bouzas, Cristina
A1 Sistac-Sorigué, Clara
A1 Schröder, Helmut
A1 Serra-Majem, Lluís
K1 Dieta - Mediterráneo (Región)
K1 Niños - Alimentación - España
K1 Adolescentes - Alimentación - España
AB Unhealthy dietary habits determined during childhood may represent a risk factor to many of the chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adulthood. Mediterranean Diet (MD) adherence in children and adolescents (8–16 years) living in Spain was investigated using the KIDMED questionnaire in a comparative analysis of two cross-sectional nationwide representative studies: enKid (1998–2000, n = 1001) and PASOS (2019–2020, n = 3540). Taking into account the educational level of pupils, as well as the characteristics of the place of living, a significant association was found between a KIDMED score ≥ 8 (optimal MD adherence) and primary education as well as residency in an area of <50,000 inhabitants, while living in the southern regions was associated with non-optimal MD adherence (p < 0.001). Participants of the 2019–2020 study showed an increase in the consumption of dairy products (31.1% increase), pasta/rice (15.4% increase), olive oil (16.9% increase), and nuts (9.7% increase), as well as a decreased sweets and candies intake (12.6% reduction). In contrast, a significantly lower MD adherence was found when comparing the 2019–2020 (mean ± SE: 6.9 ± 0.04) and the 1998–2000 study (7.37 ± 0.08); p < 0.001), due to less consumption of fish (20.3% reduction), pulse (19.4% reduction), and fruits (14.9% reduction), and an increased intake of commercial goods/pastries or fast-food intake (both 19.4% increase). The lowest adherence was recorded for adolescents also in the most recent study, where 10.9% of them presented a KIDMED score ≤ 3. This study shows that eating habits are deteriorating among Spanish children and adolescents. Such findings point out the urgency of undertaking strong measures to promote the consumption of healthy, sustainable, and non-ultra-processed food, such as those available in an MD, not only at a scientific and academic level, but also at a governmental one
PB MDPI
YR 2023
FD 2023-05-17
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/27337
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/27337
LA eng
NO Herrera-Ramos E, Tomaino L, Sánchez-Villegas A, Ribas-Barba L, Gómez SF, Wärnberg J, Osés M, González-Gross M, Gusi N, Aznar S, et al. Trends in Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish Children and Adolescents across Two Decades. Nutrients. 2023; 15(10):2348. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102348
NO Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga
DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga
RD 21 ene 2026