RT Conference Proceedings T1 On the trade-offs between hard and soft-skills skills: the Spanish case A1 Marcenaro-Gutiérrez, Óscar David A1 López-Agudo, Luis Alejandro A1 Henriques, Carla Oliveira K1 Aptitud K1 Desarrollo económico y social AB The increasing relevance of non-cognitive skills (i.e., soft skills) for individual development and socioeconomic growth, and the well-established importance of cognitive skills in explaining socioeconomic success, highlights the need of exploring their main determinants (factors) and establishing to which extent there are potential trade-offs between different aspects of soft and hard skills. Towards this end, this study develops an overarching empirical framework, which couples multiobjective programming optimisation models with several econometric specifications, thus making it possible to gain further insights regarding the way these factors should be combined to achieve an “optimally balanced” performance of Andalusian students at nine cognitive and non-cognitive skills. Our findings underline the existence of several trade-offs between different soft and hard skills, being mainly conditioned by socioeconomic factors (e.g., household income, reading habits) and students’ gender. YR 2022 FD 2022-07-01 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/24587 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/24587 LA eng NO Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 21 ene 2026