RT Journal Article
T1 Does grade retention affect students’ achievement? Some evidence from Spain
A1 García-Pérez, J. Ignacio
A1 Hidalgo-Hidalgo, Marisa
A1 Robles-Zurita, José Antonio
K1 Estudiantes - Evaluación
K1 Fracaso escolar
AB Grade retention practices are at the forefront of the educational debate. In thisarticle, we measure the effect of grade retention on Spanish students’ achievementby using data from Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).Wefind that grade retention has a negative impact on educational outcomes, but weconfirm the importance of endogenous selection which makes observed differencesbetween repeaters and nonrepeaters appear about 14% lower than theyactually are. The effect on scores of repeating is much smaller (–10% of nonrepeaters’average) than the counterfactual reduction that nonrepeaters wouldsuffer had they been retained as repeaters (–24% of their average). Furthermore,those who repeated a grade during primary education suffered more than thosewho repeated a grade in secondary school, although the effect of repeating at bothtimes is, as expected, larger.
PB Taylor & Francis
YR 2014
FD 2014
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/37102
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/37102
LA eng
NO J. Ignacio García-Pérez, Marisa Hidalgo-Hidalgo & J. Antonio Robles-Zurita (2014) Does grade retention affect students’ achievement? Some evidence from Spain, Applied Economics, 46:12, 1373-1392, DOI: 10.1080/00036846.2013.872761
NO Financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [SEJ 2007-67734, ECO2010-21706 and ECO2011-22919] and Junta de Andalucía [P09-SEJ-4992, SEJ-2905, SEJ-426, SEJ-4941 and SEJ-5980] is gratefully acknowledged
DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga
RD 20 ene 2026