RT Conference Proceedings T1 Integrating the common variability language with multilanguage annotations for web engineering A1 Cortiñas, Alejandro A1 Luaces, Miguel R. A1 Horcas-Aguilera, José Miguel A1 Fuentes-Fernández, Lidia K1 Lenguajes de ordenador AB Web applications development involves managing a high diversity of files and resources like code, pages or style sheets, implemented in different languages. To deal with the automatic generation ofcustom-made configurations of web applications, industry usually adopts annotation-based approaches even though the majority of studies encourage the use of composition-based approaches to implementSoftware Product Lines. Recent work tries to combine both approaches to get the complementary benefits. However, technological companies are reticent to adopt new development paradigmssuch as feature-oriented programming or aspect-oriented programming.Moreover, it is extremely difficult, or even impossible, to applythese programming models to web applications, mainly because oftheir multilingual nature, since their development involves multipletypes of source code (Java, Groovy, JavaScript), templates (HTML,Markdown, XML), style sheet files (CSS and its variants, such asSCSS), and other files (JSON, YML, shell scripts). We propose touse the Common Variability Language as a composition-based approachand integrate annotations to manage fine grained variabilityof a Software Product Line for web applications. In this paper, we (i)show that existing composition and annotation-based approaches,including some well-known combinations, are not appropriate tomodel and implement the variability of web applications; and (ii)present a combined approach that effectively integrates annotationsinto a composition-based approach for web applications. We implementour approach and show its applicability with an industrialreal-world system. YR 2018 FD 2018-10-05 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/16587 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/16587 LA eng NO Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 20 ene 2026