RT Journal Article
T1 Phylogenetic reconciliation provides new insights into the evolutionary diversification of the glutamine synthetase gene family in seed plants.
A1 Aledo, Elena
A1 Cañas-Pendón, Rafael Antonio
A1 Ruiz-Canton, Francisco Javier
A1 Aledo-Ramos, Juan Carlos
K1 Genética vegetal
K1 Fanerógamas
K1 Glutamina
K1 Enzimas
K1 Filogenia
K1 Evolución (Biología)
AB Glutamine synthetase (GS) catalyzes the incorporation of ammonium intoglutamate, a crucial reaction in nitrogen metabolism. Despite advances inplant genomics, the evolutionary relationships among GS isoforms in seedplants remain incompletely understood. In this study, we selected 155 GSgenes from 45 phylogenetically well-characterized seed plant species. Ouranalyses consistently support the existence of three distinct evolutionarylineages of GS genes in seed plants: GS2 (chloroplastic), and GS1a andGS1b (cytosolic). Using a Bayesian molecular clock dating approach, weestimate that GS2 diverged approximately 560 million years ago, whereasGS1a and GS1b began to diverge around 70 million years later. Additionally,we developed ORTHGS, a software tool that implements tree reconciliationand enables analyses of orthology and paralogy among GS enzymes.Phylogenetic reconciliation offers new insights into the evolutionarydynamics of the GS gene family in plants, revealing the existence of newparalogs of GS1a and GS2. Most of the genomes analyzed contain multipleparalogs of GS1b, whereas GS1a and GS2 appear as singleton genes.Although these single-copy genes have traditionally been considered orthologs,we present evidence challenging this assumption. Thus, our findingssuggest that both GS1a and GS2 have undergone multiple duplicationevents throughout evolutionary history, similar to GS1b. However, unlikeGS1b, only a single paralog of GS1a (or GS2) is retained per genome.Overall, our study reshapes the understanding of GS gene family evolutionin seed plants by uncovering hidden duplication events in GS1a and GS2,highlighting dynamic evolutionary patterns previously overlooked in thisgene family.
PB Wiley
YR 2025
FD 2025-09-19
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/40146
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/40146
LA eng
NO Aledo, E., Cañas, R.A., Cantón, F.R. and Aledo, J.C. (2025), Phylogenetic reconciliation provides new insights into the evolutionary diversification of the glutamine synthetase gene family in seed plants. FEBS J. https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.70276
NO PID2021-122641NB-C21, MICINN, FEDER, UE.
NO Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga/CBUA
DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga
RD 4 mar 2026