RT Journal Article T1 Repeat associated mechanisms of genome evolution and function revealed by the Mus caroli and Mus pahari genomes A1 Thybert, David A1 Roller, Masa A1 Parronchi Navarro, Fabio Cassarotti A1 Fiddes, Ian A1 Streeter, Ian A1 Feig, Christine A1 Martín-Gálvez, David A1 Kolmogorov, Mikhail A1 Janousek, Vaclav A1 Akanni, Wasiu A1 Aken, Bronwen A1 Aldridge, Sarah A1 Chakrapani, Varshith A1 Chow, William A1 Clarke, Laura A1 Cummins, Carla A1 Doran, Anthony A1 Dunn, Matthew A1 Goodstadt, Leo A1 Howe, Kerstin A1 Howell, Matthew A1 Josselin, Ambre-Aurore A1 Karn, Robert C A1 Laukaitis, Christina M A1 Jingtao, Lilue A1 Martin, Fergal J. A1 Muffato, Matthieu A1 Nachtweide, Stefanie A1 Quail, Michael A A1 Sisu, Cristina A1 Stanke, Mario A1 Stefflova, Klara A1 Van Oosterhout, Cock A1 Veyrunes, Frederic A1 Ward, Ben Joseph A1 Yang, Fengtang A1 Yazdanifar, Golbahar A1 Zadissa, Amonida A1 Adams, David J A1 Brazma, Alvis A1 Gerstein, Mark A1 Paten, Benedict A1 Pham, Son A1 Keane, Thomas M A1 Odom, Duncan T A1 Flicek, Paul K1 Genomas K1 Cromosomas AB Understanding the mechanisms driving lineage-specific evolution in both primates and rodents has been hindered by the lack of sister clades with a similar phylogenetic structure having high-quality genome assemblies. Here, we have created chromosome-level assemblies of the Mus caroli and Mus pahari genomes. Together with the Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus genomes, this set of rodent genomes is similar in divergence times to the Hominidae (human-chimpanzee-gorilla-orangutan). By comparing the evolutionary dynamics between the Muridae and Hominidae, weidentified punctate events of chromosome reshuffling that shaped the ancestral karyotype of Mus musculus and Mus caroli between 3 and 6 million yr ago, but that are absent in the Hominidae. Hominidae show between four- and sevenfold lower rates of nucleotide change and feature turnover in both neutral and functional sequences, suggesting an underlying coherence to the Muridae acceleration. Our system of matched, high-quality genome assemblies revealed how specific classes of repeats can play lineage-specific roles in related species. Recent LINE activity has remodeled protein-coding loci to a greater extent across the Muridae than the Hominidae, with functional consequences at the species level such as reproductive isolation. Furthermore, we charted a Muridae-specific retrotransposon expansion at unprecedented resolution, revealing how a single nucleotide mutation transformed a specific SINE element into an active CTCF binding site carrier specifically in Mus caroli, which resulted in thousands of novel, species-specific CTCF binding sites. Our results show that the comparison of matched phylogenetic sets of genomes will be an increasingly powerful strategy for understanding mammalian biology. PB Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press YR 2018 FD 2018 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/37291 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/37291 LA eng NO Genome Res. April 2018 28: 448-459; Published in Advance March 21, 2018, doi:10.1101/gr.234096.117 NO This project was supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant numbers WT108749/Z/15/Z, WT098051, WT202878/Z/16/Z, and WT202878/B/16/Z), the National Human Genome Research Institute (U41HG007234), Cancer Research UK (20412), the European Research Council (615584), the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/N02317X/a), and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh FrameworkProgramme(FP7/2010-2014)undergrant agreement244356(NextGen)andfromtheEuropeanUnion’sSeventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement HEALTH-F4-2010-241504 (EURATRANS). We thank the genomics, bioinformatics, and BRU cores at the CRUK Cambridge Institute for technical support, the sequencing facilities at the Wellcome Sanger Institute, and computational support from EMBL-EBI and WSI as well as the Conservatoire Génétique de la Souris Sauvage (ISEM, France) and Plateforme Cytogénomique évolutive of the LabEx CeMEB.WealsothankBeeLingN, Beiyuan Fu, Sandra Louzada, and Mark Simmonds for assistance in chromosome sorting, chromosome painting, and array painting. DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 20 ene 2026