RT Journal Article
T1 On the Effect of Air Bubbles-Induced Scattering on Turbid Waters: An Experimental UOWC Channel Modeling Approach
A1 Salcedo-Serrano, Pedro
A1 Gomez-Garcia, Carlos
A1 Iamaguti-Debessa, Jacqueline
A1 Boluda-Ruiz, Rubén
A1 Garrido-Balsells, José María
A1 Castillo-Vázquez, Beatriz
A1 Puerta-Notario, Antonio
A1 García-Zambrana, Antonio
K1 Agua
K1 Ondas
AB The influence of the oceanic medium on the underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) highlights the need for an accurate mathematical channel characterization that models the properties of realistic oceanic environments, significantly optimizing the development of practical UOWC system designs. However, a need remains to provide a deeper insight into the behavior of air bubbles in turbid waters. This article presents an analysis and a statistical characterization of the received optical power fluctuations when considering different air bubble sizes and levels of particle-induced scattering. Experimental measurements were conducted in a water tank, manipulating water turbidity levels by dissolving a commercial antacid. Afterward, some evaluation metrics, such as the scintillation index, the average outage duration, and the coherence time, are calculated to provide an analytical framework of the air bubbles-induced fading in turbid environments. Additionally, the statistical behavior of small and large air bubbles are analytically described through the generalized Gamma distribution and a mixture of two generalized Gamma distributions, respectively, and validated with a coefficient of determination above 0.95 for all the considered turbid waters. Results demonstrate that water turbidity dramatically affects the stochastic behavior of the underwater channel in the presence of air bubbles, resulting in a significant reduction in light blockage due to the collection of scattered photons. As a result, the scintillation index and the average outage duration are noticeably reduced for more turbid water.
PB IEEE Xplore
YR 2024
FD 2024-05-23
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/36338
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/36338
LA eng
NO P. Salcedo-Serrano et al., "On the Effect of Air Bubbles-Induced Scattering on Turbid Waters: An Experimental UOWC Channel Modeling Approach," in IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 75888-75898, 2024, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3404632
NO Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (Grant Number: FPU22/02183)project from the Spanish MICINN (Grant Number: PID2019-107792GB-I00)Plan Andaluz de Investigación (Grant Number: FPU22/02183)
DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga
RD 21 ene 2026