RT Journal Article T1 Regulation of plant immunity via small RNA-mediated control of NLR expression A1 López-Márquez, Diego A1 Del Espino Pérez, Ángel A1 Ruiz-Albert, Francisco Javier A1 Rodríguez-Bejarano, Eduardo A1 Brodersen, Peter A1 Beuzón-López, Carmen del Rosario K1 Plantas - Resistencia a plagas y enfermedades AB Plants use different receptors to detect potential pathogens: membrane-anchored pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activated upon perception of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that elicit pattern-triggered immunity (PTI); and intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins (NLRs) activated by detection of pathogen-derived effectors, activating effector-triggered immunity (ETI). The interconnections between PTI and ETI responses have been increasingly reported. Elevated NLR levels may cause autoimmunity, with symptoms ranging from fitness cost to developmental arrest, sometimes combined with run-away cell death, making accurate control of NLR dosage key for plant survival. Small RNA-mediated gene regulation has emerged as a major mechanism of control of NLR dosage. Twenty-two nucleotide miRNAs with the unique ability to trigger secondary siRNA production from target transcripts are particularly prevalent in NLR regulation. They enhance repression of the primary NLR target, but also bring about repression of NLRs only complementary to secondary siRNAs. We summarize current knowledge on miRNAs and siRNAs in the regulation of NLR expression with an emphasis on 22 nt miRNAs and propose that miRNA and siRNA regulation of NLR levels provides additional links between PTI and NLR defense pathways to increase plant responsiveness against a broad spectrum of pathogens and control an efficient deployment of defenses PB Oxford University Press YR 2023 FD 2023-10-13 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/35706 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/35706 LA eng NO López-Márquez D, Del-Espino Á, Ruiz-Albert J, Bejarano ER, Brodersen P, Beuzón CR. Regulation of plant immunity via small RNA-mediated control of NLR expression. J Exp Bot. 2023 Oct 13;74(19):6052-6068 NO Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (RTI2018-095069-B-100 and PID2021-127245OB-I00)Junta de Andalucía, Proyecto Operativo FEDER Andalucía (UMA18-FEDERJA-070 and UMA20-FEDERJA-021)‘ERDP A way of making Europe’.Predoctoral Fellowship from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (FPU17/03520)Plan Propio Universidad de Málaga (UMA).Independent Research Fund Denmark (2032-00380B). DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 19 ene 2026