RT Conference Proceedings
T1 Grade retention and academic performance: a difficult relationship?
A1 López-Agudo, Luis Alejandro
A1 Ladrón de Guevara Rodríguez, María
A1 Marcenaro-Gutiérrez, Óscar David
K1 Rendimiento académico
K1 Estudiante - Evaluación
AB The education debate in Spain has widely discussed the positive and negative features of grade retention on students’ academic performance but, in spite of its relevance, this impact has not been assessed beyond correlation. Because of that, in this research study we analyse the influence of grade retention on students’ competences, using more than 146,000 students from 6 PISA cycles (2003-2018) and an instrumental variable approach, approaching a causal influence. We find that repeating a grade in Spain seems to reduce students’ competences between 1.5 and 1.7 standard deviations. We conclude that an alternative to grade retention should be found, in order to prevent students from attaining lower their competences due to repetition.
YR 2022
FD 2022-06
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/24571
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/24571
LA eng
NO Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.
DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga
RD 24 ene 2026