RT Journal Article T1 Metaheuristics for the Template Design Problem: Encoding, Symmetry and Hybridisation A1 Rodríguez Rueda, David A1 Cotta-Porras, Carlos A1 Fernández-Leiva, Antonio José K1 Algoritmos evolutivos AB The template design problem (TDP) is a hard combinatorial problem with a high number of symmetries which makes solving it more complicated. A number of techniques have been proposed in the literature to optimise its resolution, ranging from complete methods to stochastic ones. However, although metaheuristics are considered efficient methods that can find enough-quality solutions at a reasonable computational cost, these techniques have not proven to be truly efficient enough to deal with this problem. This paper explores and analyses a wide range of metaheuristics to tackle the problem with the aim of assessing their suitability for finding template designs. We tackle the problem using a wide set of metaheuristics whose implementation is guided by a number of issues such as problem formulation, solution encoding, the symmetrical nature of the problem, and distinct forms of hybridisation. For the TDP, we also propose a slot-based alternative problem formulation (distinct to other slot-based proposals), which represents another option other than the classical variation-based formulation of the problem. An empirical analysis, assessing the performance of all the metaheuristics (i.e., basic, integrative and collaborative algorithms working on different search spaces and with/without symmetry breaking) shows that some of our proposals can be considered the state-of-the-art when they are applied to specific problem instances. PB Springer YR 2021 FD 2021 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/35052 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/35052 LA eng NO D. Rodríguez Rueda, C. Cotta, A.J. Fernández Leiva, Metaheuristics for the template design problem: encoding, symmetry and hybridisation, Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing 32:559-578, 2021 NO Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad: projects TIN2014-56494-C4-1-P, TIN2017-85727-C4-1-P DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 21 ene 2026