RT Journal Article T1 MRP-WSCI: Multiple reference point based weak and strong composite indicators. A1 Ruiz-de-la-Rúa, Francisco A1 El-Gibari-Ben-Said, Samira A1 Cabello-González, José Manuel A1 Gómez-Núñez, Trinidad K1 Optimización matemática K1 Números índice (Economía) AB The construction of composite indicators is becoming an increasingly important way of managing great amounts of information obtained from multiple single indicators. Obviously, the aggregation of several indicators in a single synthetic measure always implies some loss of information on the way. For this reason, this aggregation must be done in the most informative possible way, so that the results obtained can be easily interpreted, and in an efficient way, so that the information contained in the composite indicator is maximal. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology based on the multicriteria reference point scheme. The decision maker can establish any number of reference levels for each indicator, and the final outcome can be interpreted in terms of the position with respect to these levels. Besides, two different aggregations are proposed: the weak indicator, allowing for full compensation among the single indicators, and the strong indicator, not allowing for any compensation. The joint visualization of both composite indicators provides valuable information that may be unnoticed using other existing approaches. The approach is illustrated using an example based on the EU-Regional Social Progress Index (EU-SPI). PB Elsevier YR 2019 FD 2019-04-16 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/31704 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/31704 LA eng NO Ruiz, F., El Gibari, S., Cabello, J. M., & Gómez, T. (2020). MRP-WSCI: Multiple reference point based weak and strong composite indicators. Omega, 95, 102060. NO Política de acceso abierto tomada de: https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/17106 NO The authors would like to thank the financial support received from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Project ECO2016-76567-C4-4-R), and from the Regional Government of Andalucía (research group SEJ-417). DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 21 ene 2026