RT Journal Article T1 Illicit Financial Flows: Another Road Block to Human Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. A1 Ortega-Aguaza, Bienvenido A1 Sanjuán-Solís, Jesús Carlos A1 Casquero-Tomás, Antonio K1 Movimientos de capital K1 Desarrollo económico y social K1 Países en desarrollo AB This article analysed the relationship between illicit inancial lows (IFFs) andhuman development, as measured with the United Nations Human Development Index(HDI), using data for 56 low- and middle-income countries for the period 2002–2013. Themain result was that, in the cluster of the most corrupt countries, the total efect of anannual 10% point increase in the ratio of IFFs to total trade would imply a 21.7 pointsdecrease in the HDI level as a long-run efect. Although apparently small, this estimatedlong-run efect is three times greater than the annual average increase observed in the HDIover the period for the entire sample of countries. PB Springer Nature YR 2019 FD 2019-03-30 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/35957 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/35957 LA eng NO Ortega, B., Sanjuán, J. & Casquero, A. Illicit Financial Flows: Another Road Block to Human Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. Soc Indic Res 142, 1231–1253 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-1942-z NO https://openpolicyfinder.jisc.ac.uk/id/publication/16633 DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 20 ene 2026