RT Journal Article
T1 Beyond 5G Fronthaul Based on FSO Using Spread Spectrum Codes and Graphene Modulators
A1 Neves, Daniel
A1 Sanches, Anderson
A1 Nobrega, Rafael
A1 Mrabet, Hichem
A1 Dayoub, Iyad
A1 Ohno, Kohei
A1 Haxha, Shyqyri
A1 Glesk, Ivan
A1 Jurado-Navas, Antonio
A1 Raddo, Thiago
K1 Telecomunicaciones - Sistemas de conmutación
AB High data rate coverage, security, and energy efficiency will play a key role in the continuedperformance scaling of next-generation mobile systems. Dense, small mobile cells based on a novelnetwork architecture are part of the answer. Motivated by the recent mounting interest in free-spaceoptical (FSO) technologies, this paper addresses a novel mobile fronthaul network architecture basedon FSO, spread spectrum codes, and graphene modulators for the creation of dense small cells. Thenetwork uses an energy-efficient graphene modulator to send data bits to be coded with spreadcodes for achieving higher security before their transmission to remote units via high-speed FSOtransmitters. Analytical results show the new fronthaul mobile network can accommodate up to32 remote antennas under error-free transmissions with forward error correction. Furthermore, themodulator is optimized to provide maximum efficiency in terms of energy consumption per bit. Theoptimization procedure is carried out by optimizing both the amount of graphene used on thering resonator and the modulator’s design. The optimized graphene modulator is used in the newfronthaul network and requires as low as 4.6 fJ/bit while enabling high-speed performance up to42.6 GHz and remarkably using one-quarter of graphene only.
PB MDPI
YR 2023
FD 2023-04-07
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/35657
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/35657
LA spa
NO Neves, D.; Sanches, A.; Nobrega, R.; Mrabet, H.; Dayoub, I.; Ohno, K.; Haxha, S.; Glesk, I.; Jurado-Navas, A.; Raddo, T. Beyond 5G Fronthaul Based on FSO Using Spread Spectrum Codes and Graphene Modulators. Sensors 2023, 23, 3791. https://doi.org/10.3390/ s23083791
NO Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga
DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga
RD 20 ene 2026