RT Journal Article T1 European lobbies: a comparative study of the professional profiles of lobbyists in Spain and France A1 Guerra-Heredia, Sergio A1 Lobillo-Mora, Gema María A1 Martín-Martín, Penélope Noelia A1 Espino González, Jesús A2 Marroquin-Velasquez, Lissette K1 Grupos de presión AB This research consists of carrying out a comparison of professional lobbyists in Spain and France, using three broad areas of data: socio-geographical, academic, and professional. The objectives set are aimed at a general and specific comparison to obtain a typical profile of the professionals of both countries. To this end, an exploratory methodology has been used, with a multivariate statistical analysis, completed with a descriptive analysis of an inductive nature, through a sample of 1,000 professional lobbyists in Spain and France in 2024. The results obtained provide a profile of lobbyists in Spain and France based on their social, academic,and professional nature. The main conclusion is that in these two countries these professionals classify their work as being in the field of “Public Affairs,” their academic background is mainly in Law and Political Science, and they live in large urban areas. PB Frontiers in Political Science YR 2024 FD 2024 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/36844 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/36844 LA eng NO Guerra-Heredia, S., Lobillo-Mora, G., Martín-Martín, P., & Espino-González, J. (2024). European lobbies: a comparative study of the professional profiles of lobbyists in Spain and France. Frontiers in Political Science, 6, 1514947. DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 20 ene 2026