RT Journal Article T1 Hierarchical exsolution in vertically aligned heterostructures A1 Zamudio-García, Javier A1 Chiabrera, Francesco A1 Morin-Martínez, Armando Antonio A1 Castelli, Ivano Eligio A1 Ramírez-Losilla, Enrique A1 Marrero-López, David A1 Esposito, Vincenzo K1 Electroquímica K1 Películas delgadas AB Metal nanoparticle exsolution from metal oxide hosts has recently garneredgreat attention to improve the performance of energy conversion and storagedevices. In this study, the nickel exsolution mechanisms in a vertically alignednanostructure (VAN) thin film of heteroepitaxial (Sr0.9Pr0.1)0.9Ti0.9Ni0.1O3−δ-Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 with a columnar architecture was investigated for the first time.Experimental results and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations revealthat themultiple vertical interphases in a VAN with a hierarchical arrangementprovide faster and more selective Ni diffusion pathways to the surface thantraditional bulk diffusion in epitaxial films. Kinetic studies conducted at differenttemperatures and times indicate that the nucleation process of theexsolved metal nanoparticles primarily takes place at the surface through thephase boundaries of the columns. The vertical strain is crucial in preserving thefilm’s microstructure, yielding a robust heteroepitaxial architecture afterreduction. This innovative heteromaterial opens up new possibilities fordesigning efficient devices through advanced structural engineering toachieve controlled nanoparticle formation. PB Springer Nature YR 2024 FD 2024-10-17 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/39452 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/39452 LA eng NO Zamudio-García, J., Chiabrera, F., Morin-Martínez, A. et al. Hierarchical exsolution in vertically aligned heterostructures. Nat Commun 15, 8961 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-53252-y NO PID2019–110249RB-I00, , funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033PID2021–126009OB-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033TED2021-129836B-I00, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 NO Independent Research Fund Denmark NO Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 20 ene 2026