RT Journal Article T1 A Gesture Recognition Algorithm for Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery A1 López Casado, Carmen A1 Bauzano-Núñez, Enrique A1 Rivas-Blanco, Irene A1 Pérez-del-Pulgar-Mancebo, Carlos Jesús A1 Muñoz-Martínez, Víctor Fernando K1 Cirugía K1 Robótica AB Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques are growing in quantity and complexity to cover a wider range of interventions. More specifically, hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) involves the use of one surgeon’s hand inside the patient whereas the other one manages a single laparoscopic tool. In this scenario, those surgical procedures performed with an additional tool require the aid of an assistant. Furthermore, in the case of a human–robot assistant pairing a fluid communication is mandatory. This human–machine interaction must combine both explicit orders and implicit information from the surgical gestures. In this context, this paper focuses on the development of a hand gesture recognition system for HALS. The recognition is based on a hidden Markov model (HMM) algorithm with an improved automated training step, which can also learn during the online surgical procedure by means of a reinforcement learning process. PB MDPI YR 2019 FD 2019 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/33541 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/33541 LA eng NO Lopez-Casado M.C.; Bauzano E.; Rivas-Blanco I.; Perez-del- Pulgar C.J.; Muñoz-Martinez V.F. A Gesture Recognition Algorithm for Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery. MDPI Sensors 2019, 19(23), 5182. December 2019. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19235182 NO DPI2016-80391-R DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 19 ene 2026