RT Journal Article T1 Evolutionary regulatory dynamics in a pluralist and polarized journalism landscape: a case study of the normative framework in Spanish media. A1 Seijas-Costa, Raquel A1 Barredo Ibáñez, Daniel A1 Cea-Esteruelas, María Nereida K1 Periodismo K1 Política K1 Medios de comunicación social AB Within the European Union, the pluralist polarized journalistic model suggeststhe presence of journalistic cultures rooted in the connections between politicalparties and media organizations. In this classical framework, the state exertssignificant intervention to influence a media system characterized by lowerlevels of professionalization. In this regard, Spain serves as a well-examinedexample of a pluralist polarized Western democracy. Our study entails asystematic review based on two distinct dimensions. Firstly, we scrutinized alllegal documents pertaining to media regulation in Spain published betweenthe Spanish transition and the present 1977–2024. From this perspective,we propose a chronological evolution to categorize this extensive collectionof norms. Secondly, we complement our primary source assessment with anexamination of secondary sources to validate the proposed evolution. Ourfindings indicate that the Spanish media regulation is evolving due to twopivotal factors: the influence of the European Union and the preservation of thenarrative established during the transition to democracy. While contemporarycommunication grapples with issues such as the rise of artificial intelligence,journalistic instability, algorithmic communication, and fragmented userconsumption, these areas are only addressed peripherally within the Spanishmedia normative context. PB Frontiers Media YR 2024 FD 2024-06-10 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/38937 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/38937 LA eng NO Seijas Costa R, Barredo Ibáñez D and Cea Esteruelas N (2024) Evolutionary regulatory dynamics in a pluralist and polarized journalism landscape: a case study of the normative framework in Spanish media. Front. Commun. 9:1424096. doi: 10.3389/fcomm.2024.1424096 NO This article has been co-funded by the research project “App-Andalus,” with reference number EMC21_00240, funded by the General Secretariat for Research and Innovation of the Andalusian Regional Government, through the Emergia Program. DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 19 ene 2026