RT Journal Article
T1 Metapopulation Patterns of Iberian Butterflies Revealed by Fuzzy Logic
A1 Pulido-Pastor, Antonio
A1 Márquez-Moya, Ana Luz
A1 Guerrero, José Carlos
A1 García-Barros, Enrique
A1 Real-Giménez, Raimundo
K1 Mariposas
AB Metapopulation theory considers that the populations of many species are fragmentedinto patches connected by the migration of individuals through an interterritorial matrix. We appliedfuzzy set theory and environmental favorability (F) functions to reveal the metapopulationalstructure of the 222 butterfly species in the Iberian Peninsula. We used the sets of contiguous gridcells with high favorability (F ≥ 0.8), to identify the favorable patches for each species. We superimposedthe known occurrence data to reveal the occupied and empty favorable patches, as unoccupiedpatches are functional in a metapopulation dynamics analysis. We analyzed the connectivitybetween patches of each metapopulation by focusing on the territory of intermediate and lowfavorability for the species (F < 0.8). The friction that each cell opposes to the passage of individualswas computed as 1‐F. We used the r.cost function of QGIS to calculate the cost of reaching each cellfrom a favorable patch. The inverse of the cost was computed as connectivity. Only 126 species canbe considered to have a metapopulation structure. These metapopulation structures are part of thedark biodiversity of butterflies because their identification is not evident from the observation ofthe occurrence data but was revealed using favorability functions
PB MDPI
YR 2021
FD 2021-04
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/21632
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/21632
LA eng
NO Pulido‐Pastor, A.; Márquez, A.L.; Guerrero, J.C.; García‐Barros, E. Metapopulation Patterns of Iberian Butterflies Revealed by Fuzzy Logic. Insects 2021, 12, 392. https://doi.org/10.3390/ insects12050392
NO Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBUA
DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga
RD 22 ene 2026