RT Journal Article T1 GRaNIE and GRaNPA: inference and evaluation of enhancer‐mediated gene regulatory networks. A1 Kamal, Aryan A1 Arnold, Christian A1 Claringbould, Annique A1 Moussa, Rim A1 Servaas, Nila H A1 Kholmatov, Maksim A1 Daga, Neha A1 Nogina, Daria A1 Mueller-Dott, Sophia A1 Reyes-Palomares, Armando A1 Palla, Giovanni A1 Sigalova, Olga A1 Bunina, Daria A1 Pabst, Caroline A1 Zaugg, Judith B K1 Regulación genética K1 Transcripción genética K1 Macrófagos AB Enhancers play a vital role in gene regulation and are critical in mediating the impact of noncoding genetic variants associated with complex traits. Enhancer activity is a cell‐type‐specific process regulated by transcription factors (TFs), epigenetic mechanisms and genetic variants. Despite the strong mechanistic link between TFs and enhancers, we currently lack a framework for jointly analysing them in cell‐type‐specific gene regulatory networks (GRN). Equally important, we lack an unbiased way of assessing the biological significance of inferred GRNs since no complete ground truth exists. To address these gaps, we present GRaNIE (Gene Regulatory Network Inference including Enhancers) and GRaNPA (Gene Regulatory Network Performance Analysis). GRaNIE (https://git.embl.de/grp‐zaugg/GRaNIE) builds enhancer‐mediated GRNs based on covariation of chromatin accessibility and RNA‐seq across samples (e.g. individuals), while GRaNPA (https://git.embl.de/grp‐zaugg/GRaNPA) assesses the performance of GRNs for predicting cell‐type‐specific differential expression. We demonstrate their power by investigating gene regulatory mechanisms underlying the response of macrophages to infection, cancer and common genetic traits including autoimmune diseases. Finally, our methods identify the TF PURA as a putative regulator of pro‐inflammatory macrophage polarisation. PB Nature - EMBO SN 1744-4292 YR 2023 FD 2023-04-19 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/41495 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/41495 LA eng NO Kamal, A., Arnold, C., Claringbould, A. et al. GRaNIE and GRaNPA: inference and evaluation of enhancer‐mediated gene regulatory networks. Mol Syst Biol 19, MSB202311627 (2023). https://doi.org/10.15252/msb.202311627 DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 19 ene 2026