RT Journal Article T1 HM-AKA+: Protecting against a semi-trusted third party with Hybrid Crypto A1 Munilla-Fajardo, Jorge A1 Braeken, An K1 Sistemas de telecomunicaciones AB Hybrid protocols that combine Post-Quantum (PQ) and traditional primitives, allowing flexible switching based on the threat level, provide optimal trade-offs between efficiency and security. The recently published HM-AKA scheme introduced a basic framework for this setup, but it fails to provide security against impersonation attacks by a semi-trusted TTP in some of its proposed modes. This vulnerability arises due to the asymmetric behavior of PQ primitives compared to traditional public-key primitives. We identify this threat and propose an enhanced version, HM-AKA+, that maintains the framework’s flexibility while ensuring security. PB Springer YR 2026 FD 2026 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/46329 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/46329 LA eng NO Munilla, J., Braeken, A. HM-AKA+: Protecting against a semi-trusted third party with Hybrid Crypto. Cryptogr. Commun. (2026) NO Funding for open access publishing: Universidad de Málaga/CBUA DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 12 abr 2026