RT Journal Article T1 Influence of Lewis acidity and CaCl2 on the direct transformation of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural A1 Torres-Olea, Benjamín A1 García-Sancho, Cristina A1 Cecilia-Buenestado, Juan Antonio A1 Oregui-Bengoechea, Mikel A1 Arias, Pedro Luis A1 Moreno-Tost, Ramón A1 Maireles-Torres, Pedro Jesús K1 Química ácido-base K1 Catalizadores ácidos AB Nb-Zr oxides were evaluated for glucose dehydration to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. A linear relationship was found between the amount of acid sites and niobium content. Pure Nb2O5 showed the highest acid concentration and surface area and both Brönsted and Lewis acid sites, whereas Zr-containing catalysts mostly showed Lewis acid sites. Thus, a correlation between the amount of acid sites and catalytic performance was demonstrated, in the absence of metal salt, being Nb2O5 the most active catalyst. However, the catalytic results obtained by the combination of CaCl2 and Zr-containing catalysts, which only showed Lewis acid sites, suggested the direct formation of HMF, without fructose formation, unlike that observed for Nb2O5, which possesses both Brönsted and Lewis acid sites. A HMF yield of 44% was attained by using Nb3Zr7 as acid catalyst and CaCl2 after 90 min at 175 ºC. These catalysts can be reused at least 3 catalytic runs without any pretreatment. PB Elsevier YR 2021 FD 2021 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/41055 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/41055 LA eng NO Molecular Catalysis, 510, (2021) art. no. 111685 NO https://openpolicyfinder.jisc.ac.uk/id/publication/34941 DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 20 ene 2026