RT Journal Article T1 Cooperative Terrestrial-Underwater Wireless Optical Links by Using an Amplify-and-Forward Strategy A1 Jurado-Navas, Antonio A1 Álvarez-Roa, Carmen A1 Álvarez-Roa, María A1 Castillo-Vázquez, Miguel K1 Comunicaciones ópticas AB : In this paper, we analyze a combined terrestrial-underwater optical communication link forproviding high-speed optical connectivity between onshore and submerge systems. For this purpose,different transmission signaling schemes were employed to obtain performance results in terms ofaverage bit error rate (ABER). In this sense, from the starting point of a known conditional bit-errorrate (CBER) in the absence of turbulence, the behavior of the entire system is obtained by applyingan amplify-and-forward (AF) based dual-hop system: The first link is a terrestrial free-space optical(FSO) system assuming a Málaga distributed turbulence and, the second one, is an underwater FSOsystem with a Weibull channel model. To obtain performance results, a semi-analytical simulationprocedure is applied, using a hyper-exponential fitting technique previously proposed by the authorsand leading to BER closed-form expressions and high-accuracy numerical results. PB IOAP-MPDI YR 2022 FD 2022-03-23 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/24202 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/24202 LA eng NO Jurado-Navas A, Álvarez-Roa C, Álvarez-Roa M, Castillo-Vázquez M. Cooperative Terrestrial-Underwater Wireless Optical Links by Using an Amplify-and-Forward Strategy. Sensors. 2022; 22(7):2464.Jurado-Navas A, Álvarez-Roa C, Álvarez-Roa M, Castillo-Vázquez M. Cooperative Terrestrial-Underwater Wireless Optical Links by Using an Amplify-and-Forward Strategy. Sensors. 2022; 22(7):2464. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22072464 NO This research was funded by Junta de Andalucía (research group “CommunicationsEngineering (TIC-0102)”). : The authors want to thank to the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación yUniversidades (proyect PID2019-107792GB-I00) for supporting this work. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 21 ene 2026