RT Journal Article T1 Parenting of Spanish mothers and fathers playing with their children at home. A1 Rivero, M. A1 Vilaseca, R. A1 Cantero, M. J. A1 Navarro-Pardo, E. A1 Ferrer, F. A1 Valls-Vidal, C. A1 Bersabé-Morán, Rosa María K1 Madres e hijos K1 Padres e hijos K1 Familia K1 Juegos infantiles AB The aims of this study were to compare the parenting behaviors of mothers and fathers when evaluated in a free play situation at home and to study how these behaviors were related to the sociodemographic variables of the family. The study included 155 mothers and 155 fathers from the same families in Spain. The children (90 boys and 65 girls) were typically developing and were aged between 10 and 47 months old. The parents completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, and parenting behaviors in four domains (Affection, Responsiveness, Encouragement, and Teaching) were assessed from self-recorded videotapes, in accordance with the Spanish version of the PICCOLO. Our results showed both commonalities and differences between the mothers and fathers. The mean scores for the four parenting domains followed a similar pattern in both mothers and fathers: the highest mean score was in the Responsiveness domain, followed by the Affection, Encouragement, and the Teaching domains. Regarding the second aim, no differences were observed in parenting according to the child’s gender and the only domain related to the child’s age was mother’s Teaching. Mothers with a higher educational level scored higher on all parenting domains, except for Responsiveness. Family income was positively related to maternal Affection, Encouragement, and the total PICCOLO score, and to the father’s score in theTeaching domain. This study provides evidence that Spanish mothers and fathers show very similar strengths for promoting children’s development during interactions. These results are relevant to inform social public policies and family programs. PB Public Library of Science (PLoS) YR 2022 FD 2022-06-01 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/29849 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/29849 LA spa NO Rivero, M., Vilaseca, R., Cantero, M. J., Navarro-Pardo, E., Ferrer, F., Valls-Vidal, C., & Bersabé, R. M. (2022) Parenting of Spanish mothers and fathers playing with their children at home. PLoS One, 17(6), e0266762. NO This research was supported by a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European RegionalDevelopment Fund (Project PSI2015-63627-R). The funding bodies have not imposed any restrictions on free access to or publication of the research data. All authors are part of the team that received the funding. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. We appreciate the financial aid from the University of Barcelona and the University of Malaga for publishing in open Access. DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 19 ene 2026