RT Journal Article
T1 Effect of hydroxylammonium chloride as a reductant for hydrochloric acid leaching of valuable metals from discarded lithium-ion batteries
A1 Cerrillo-González, María del Mar
A1 Villén-Guzmán, María Dolores
A1 Arhoun, Brahim
A1 Gómez-Lahoz, César
A1 Vereda-Alonso, Carlos
K1 Baterías de acumuladores
K1 Pilas de litio
AB The use of hydroxylammonium chloride as a reducing agent is proposed to enhance the acid leaching of cathodematerial from spent lithium-ion batteries. The current study was conducted using real waste from scooter bat-teries. The main metals found in this cathode material are Mn (43.6%), Li (4.2%), Ni (8.3%) and Co (2.6%),expressed as % w/w. The effect of the initial concentrations of the extracting agent (HCl) and the reducing agent(NH3OHCl) on the extraction yields of the target metals is investigated. The presence of NH3OHCl in HCl so-lutions exerts a highly effective influence during the initial 15 min of the leaching process, with a completesolubilization of Mn within that timeframe, in contrast to the 20% achieved in its absence. During that period,over 70% of Li is solubilized, while Ni and Co reach maximum solubilities of 7% and 5%, respectively. Extendingthe contact time to 24 h between the extracting solution and LIB waste enables nearly complete extraction of Niand exceeds 60% for Co. An analysis of variance was used to identify significant factors to be included inmultivariable regressions to predict extraction yields. These regressions are used to carry out a preliminaryeconomic analysis of the leaching process based on gross profit. The optimum outcome is achieved when theextraction is conducted through two consecutive leaching processes. In the first process, 100% Mn and 75% of Liare recovered, while the second process recovers the remaining Li, 96% of Ni, and 60% of cobalt. Additionally,the stoichiometry of the reduction of manganese(IV) by NH3OHCl is studied through the correlation between thegas volume released during the leaching processes and the Mn solubilization reached. This reduction proceedsthrough two parallel reactions, resulting in the production of N2O and N2. The first of these reactions pre-dominates, exhibiting an estimated selectivity of 87%.
PB Elsevier
YR 2024
FD 2024-06
LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/31247
UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/31247
LA eng
NO Maria del Mar Cerrillo-Gonzalez, Maria Villen-Guzman, Brahim Arhoun, Cesar Gomez-Lahoz, Carlos Vereda-Alonso, Effect of hydroxylammonium chloride as a reductant for hydrochloric acid leaching of valuable metals from discarded lithium-ion batteries, Hydrometallurgy, Volume 226, 2024, 106305, ISSN 0304-386X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2024.106305.
NO Authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Euro-pean Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programmethrough the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 778045 andby the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the University ofMálaga through the Research Project PID2021-126794OB-100. Authorsacknowledge the funding from the University of Malaga (B1-2021_35).Cerrillo-Gonzalez also acknowledges the postdoctoral grant (A.3.1) ob-tained from the University of Malaga. We also acknowledge all thecollaboration from LONDON WEEE, S.A for providing the LIBs residues.Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga/CBUA
DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga
RD 20 ene 2026