RT Journal Article T1 The role of multiple pollutants and pollution intensities in the policy reform of taxes and standards. A1 Gautier, Luis K1 Contaminación K1 Impuestos ambientales K1 Política ambiental AB Countries with varying degrees of pollution intensities, facing increasing global competition and addressing emissions from multiple pollutants may undertake policy reforms inconsistent with cooperative outcomes, where global welfare is higher. Among others, this is because of the incentives to set laxer policy to be more cost competitive. A number of welfare-enhancing and emissions-reducing policy reforms consistent with the cooperative equilibrium, but also consistent with addressing concerns about global competitiveness are derived. The analysis indicates that the nature of multiple pollutants and asymmetries in pollution intensities are key in the design of policy reform and characterization of optimal policy. With complementarity and asymmetry in pollution intensities, laxer taxation and stricter standards are consistent with welfare gains. Laxer taxation arises with large asymmetry in pollution intensities regardless of whether pollutants are complements/substitutes. The policy reform of standards requires both complementarity and asymmetry in pollution intensities. Results are reversed if pollutants are substitutes. PB De Gruyter YR 2019 FD 2019 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/31790 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/31790 LA eng NO Gautier, Luis. "The Role of Multiple Pollutants and Pollution Intensities in the Policy Reform of Taxes and Standards" The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, vol. 19, no. 3, 2019, pp. 20180186. https://doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2018-0186 NO Política de acceso abierto tomada de: https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/id/publication/19218 DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 20 ene 2026