RT Journal Article T1 Integrating energy consumption in the development of serverless applications A1 Serrano Gutiérrez, Pablo A1 Ayala-Viñas, Inmaculada A1 Fuentes-Fernández, Lidia K1 Ingeniería del software K1 Ingeniería sostenible K1 Energía K1 Sistemas adaptativos K1 Consumo de energía AB Context:The increasing environmental impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), particularly the energy consumption associated with serverless applications, necessitates the development of methodologies to optimize energy efficiency. This study addresses the need for energy-aware design and runtime adaptation in serverless architectures.Objective:To develop and validate a methodology that integrates energy monitoring into the development and runtime management of serverless applications, thereby enabling significant reductions in energy consumption while maintaining functionality.Methods:A new version of FUSPAQ, a framework for the optimization of serverless applications, was developed. This version incorporates tools like Kepler for real-time energy monitoring and employs an energy-aware orchestration mechanism to dynamically select energy-efficient function configurations. Validation was conducted through a facial recognition case study and benchmark experiments, comparing energy consumption across different scenarios with and without the proposed adaptations.Results:The enhanced FUSPAQ framework successfully integrated energy consumption metrics into the decision-making process for function selection and runtime adaptation. Benchmark tests confirmed the scalability of the solution, with energy-efficient outcomes even in complex applications.Conclusion:The study highlights the potential of integrating energy-aware practices in serverless applications, presenting a scalable and practical approach to reducing their environmental footprint. By leveraging tools like Kepler and frameworks like FUSPAQ, developers can achieve significant energy savings without compromising application performance. This work contributes to the advancement of Green Software Engineering by emphasizing runtime energy adaptation in Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) architectures. PB Elsevier YR 2025 FD 2025-06 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/39244 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/39244 LA eng NO Pablo Serrano-Gutierrez, Inmaculada Ayala, Lidia Fuentes, Integrating energy consumption in the development of serverless applications, Information and Software Technology, Volume 186, 2025, 107819, ISSN 0950-5849, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2025.107819. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0950584925001582) NO Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBUA DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 20 ene 2026