RT Journal Article T1 New technologies for the classifcation of proximal humeral fractures: Comparison between Virtual Reality and 3D printed models—a randomised controlled trial A1 Almirón Santa‑Bárbara, Rafael A1 García Rivera, Francisco A1 Víquez Da‑Silva, Rodrigo A1 Gutiérrez-Bedmar, Mario K1 Fracturas K1 Húmeros K1 Diagnóstico por imagen K1 Diagnóstico por imagen AB Correct classifcation of fractures according to their patterns is critical for developing a treatment plan in orthopaedic surgery.Unfortunately, for proximal humeral fractures (PHF), methods for proper classifcation have remained a jigsaw puzzle thathas not yet been fully solved despite numerous proposed classifcations and diagnostic methods. Recently, many studieshave suggested that three-dimensional printed models (3DPM) can improve the interobserver agreement on PHF classifcations. Moreover, Virtual Reality (VR) has not been properly studied for classifcation of shoulder injuries. The currentstudy investigates the PHF classifcation accuracy relative to an expert committee when using either 3DPM or equivalentmodels displayed in VR among 36 orthopaedic surgery residents from diferent hospitals. We designed a multicentric randomised controlled trial in which we created two groups: a group exposed to a total of 34 3DPM and another exposed toVR equivalents. Association between classifcation accuracy and group assignment (VR/3DPM) was assessed using mixedefects logistic regression models. The results showed VR can be considered a non-inferior technology for classifying PHFwhen compared to 3DPM. Moreover, VR may be preferable when considering possible time and resource savings along withpotential uses of VR for presurgical planning in orthopaedics. PB Springer YR 2023 FD 2023 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/26354 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/26354 LA spa NO Almirón Santa-Bárbara, R., García Rivera, F., Lamb, M. et al. New technologies for the classification of proximal humeral fractures: Comparison between Virtual Reality and 3D printed models—a randomised controlled trial. Virtual Reality (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-023-00757-4 NO Funding for open access publishing: Universidad Málaga/CBUA DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 19 ene 2026