RT Journal Article T1 Differential transcriptional response to antibiotics by Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E A1 Molina-Santiago, Carlos A1 Daddaoua, Abdelali A1 Gómez-Lozano, María A1 Udaondo, Zulema A1 Molin, Soren A1 Ramos, Juan-Luis K1 Pseudomonas K1 Antibióticos AB Multi-drug resistant bacteria are a major threat to humanity, especially because the current battery of known antibiotics is not sufficient to combat infections produced by these microbes. Therefore, the study of how current antibiotics act and how bacteria defend themselves against antibiotics is of critical importance. Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E exhibits an impressive array of RND efflux pumps, which confer this microorganism high resistance to organic solvents and antibiotics that would kill most other microorganisms. We have chosen DOT-T1E as a model microbe to study the microbial responses to a wide battery of antibiotics (chloramphenicol, rifampicin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, kanamycin, spectinomycin and gentamicin). Ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA)-seq analyses revealed that each antibiotic provokes a unique transcriptional response profile in DOT-T1E. While many of the genes identified were related to known antibiotic targets, others were unrelated or encoded hypothetical proteins. These results indicate that our knowledge of antibiotic resistance mechanisms is still partial. We also identified 138 new small RNAs (sRNAs) in DOT-T1E, dramatically adding to the 16 that have been previously described. Importantly, our results reveal that a correlation exists between the expression of messenger RNA and sRNA, indicating that some of these sRNAs are likely involved in fine tuning the expression of antibiotic resistance genes. PB Wiley YR 2015 FD 2015 LK https://hdl.handle.net/10630/32994 UL https://hdl.handle.net/10630/32994 LA eng NO Molina-Santiago, Carlos; Daddaoua, Abdelali; Gómez-Lozano, María; Udaondo, Zulema; Molin, Soren; Ramos, Juan-Luis. Differential transcriptional response to antibiotics by Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12775 NO Work of Juan LRamosin Denmark wassupported by an Otto Monsted Foundation visiting professorship. Work in Granada was founded by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitivity BIO2010-17227. DS RIUMA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga RD 21 ene 2026