2026-05-29T23:42:04Zhttps://riuma.uma.es/rest/oai/request

oai:riuma.uma.es:10630/245712026-02-03T12:09:57Zcom_10630_2254col_10630_37959

Grade retention and academic performance: a difficult relationship? López-Agudo, Luis Alejandro Ladrón de Guevara Rodríguez, María Marcenaro-Gutiérrez, Óscar David Rendimiento académico Estudiante - Evaluación The education debate in Spain has widely discussed the positive and negative features of grade retention on students’ academic performance but, in spite of its relevance, this impact has not been assessed beyond correlation. Because of that, in this research study we analyse the influence of grade retention on students’ competences, using more than 146,000 students from 6 PISA cycles (2003-2018) and an instrumental variable approach, approaching a causal influence. We find that repeating a grade in Spain seems to reduce students’ competences between 1.5 and 1.7 standard deviations. We conclude that an alternative to grade retention should be found, in order to prevent students from attaining lower their competences due to repetition. 2022-07-05T12:16:11Z 2022-07-05T12:16:11Z 2022-06 2022-06 conference output https://hdl.handle.net/10630/24571 eng XXX Meeting of the Economics of Education Association Oporto 30/06/2022 open access