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                  <mods:namePart>Acién-Fernández, Francisco Gabriel</mods:namePart>
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                  <mods:namePart>Fernández-Sevilla, José María</mods:namePart>
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               <mods:identifier type="citation">Morillas-España A, Bermejo R, Abdala-Díaz R, Ruiz Á, Lafarga T, Acién G, Fernández-Sevilla JM. Biorefinery Approach Applied to the Production of Food Colourants and Biostimulants from Oscillatoria sp. Biology. 2022; 11(9):1278. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11091278</mods:identifier>
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               <mods:abstract>In this study, a biorefinery based on Oscillatoria sp. is developed to produce high-value compounds such as C-phycocyanin, used in food colourant applications, and biostimulants, used in agriculture-related applications. First, the Oscillatoria biomass production was optimized at a pilot scale in an open raceway reactor, with biomass productivities equivalent to 52 t/ha·year being achieved using regular fertilizers as the nutrient source. The biomass produced contained 0.5% C-phycocyanins, 95% of which were obtained after freeze–thawing and extraction at pH 6.5 and ionic strength (FI) 100 mM, with a purity ratio of 0.71 achieved in the final extract. This purity ratio allows for use of the extract directly as a food colourant. Then, the extract’s colourant capacity on different beverages was evaluated. The results confirm that C-phycocyanin concentrations ranging from 22 to 106 mg/L produce colours similar to commercial products, thus avoiding the need for synthetic colourants. The colour remained stable for up to 12 days. Moreover, the safety of the extracted C-phycocyanin was confirmed through toxicity tests. The waste biomass was evaluated for use as a biostimulant, with the results confirming a relevant auxin-like positive effect. Finally, an economic analysis was conducted to evaluate different scenarios. The results confirm that the production of both C-phycocyanin and biostimulants is the best scenario from an economic standpoint. Therefore, the developed biomass processing scheme provides an opportunity to expand the range of commercial applications for microalgae-related processes.</mods:abstract>
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               <mods:subject>
                  <mods:topic>Microalgas</mods:topic>
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                  <mods:title>Biorefinery Approach Applied to the Production of Food Colourants and Biostimulants from Oscillatoria sp</mods:title>
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