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      <subfield code="a">Imran Saleem, Muhammad</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Siddiqui, Atif Ahmed</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Noor, Shaheena</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Luque-Nieto, Miguel Ángel</subfield>
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      <subfield code="c">2022-12-29</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">first_pagesettingsOrder Article Reprints&#xd;
Open AccessArticle&#xd;
A Novel Machine Learning Based Two-Way Communication System for Deaf and Mute&#xd;
by Muhammad Imran Saleem 1,2,*ORCID,Atif Siddiqui 3ORCID,Shaheena Noor 4ORCID,Miguel-Angel Luque-Nieto 1,2ORCID andPablo Otero 1,2ORCID&#xd;
1&#xd;
Telecommunications Engineering School, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain&#xd;
2&#xd;
Institute of Oceanic Engineering Research, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain&#xd;
3&#xd;
Airbus Defence and Space, UK&#xd;
4&#xd;
Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75300, Pakistan&#xd;
*&#xd;
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.&#xd;
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 453; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010453&#xd;
Received: 12 November 2022 / Revised: 22 December 2022 / Accepted: 26 December 2022 / Published: 29 December 2022&#xd;
Download Browse Figures Versions Notes&#xd;
Abstract&#xd;
Deaf and mute people are an integral part of society, and it is particularly important to provide them with a platform to be able to communicate without the need for any training or learning. These people rely on sign language, but for effective communication, it is expected that others can understand sign language. Learning sign language is a challenge for those with no impairment. Another challenge is to have a system in which hand gestures of different languages are supported. In this manuscript, a system is presented that provides communication between deaf and mute (DnM) and non-deaf and mute (NDnM). The hand gestures of DnM people are acquired and processed using deep learning, and multiple language support is achieved using supervised machine learning. The NDnM people are provided with an audio interface where the hand gestures are converted into speech and generated through the sound card interface of the computer. Speech from NDnM people is acquired using microphone input and converted into text. The system is easy to use and low cost. (...)</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Saleem MI, Siddiqui A, Noor S, Luque-Nieto M-A, Otero P. A Novel Machine Learning Based Two-Way Communication System for Deaf and Mute. Applied Sciences. 2023; 13(1):453. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010453</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">https://hdl.handle.net/10630/25972</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010453</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">Aprendizaje automático (Inteligencia artificial)</subfield>
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      <subfield code="a">A Novel Machine Learning Based Two-Way Communication System for Deaf and Mute</subfield>
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