2026-06-01T14:55:06Zhttps://riuma.uma.es/rest/oai/request

oai:riuma.uma.es:10630/270322026-02-03T11:33:30Zcom_10630_2254col_10630_37953

Updating the national baseline of non-indigenous species in Spanish marine waters Png-Gonzalez, Lydia Comas-González, Robert Calvo-Manazza, Matías Follana-Berná, Guillermo Ballesteros, Enric Díaz-Tapia, Pilar M. Falcón, Jesús García-Raso, José Enrique Gofas, Serge González-Porto, Marcos López, Eduardo Ramos-Esplá, Alfonso A. Velasco, Eva Carbonell, Aina Fauna marina - España Biología Marina - España Especies exóticas invasoras - España The introduction of new non-indigenous species (NIS) in Spanish marine waters is addressed under Descriptor 2 of the European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive. National baseline inventories of NIS have been compiled and updated for the three subregions (Western Mediterranean Sea, WMED; Bay of Biscay–Iberian Coast, ABI; Macaronesia, AMA) with data from 1800 to 2021. An overall of 574 species were identified with an alien, cryptogenic, crypto-expanding, or debatable status, mostly invertebrates (~65%) and primary producers (~22%). Of 412 alien species, 80.51% were reported in ABI, 67.82% in WMED, and 66.67% in AMA. Cryptogenic species are more abundant in the WMED (25.25%), compared to AMA (19.77%) and ABI (18.46%). ABI harbors more established species (62.56%) than AMA (45.2%) and WMED (43.56%), contrary to casual records (AMA 31.64%, WMED 23.76%, ABI 13.85%). Invasive species are more abundant (14.36%) in WMED. The ‘transport-stowaway’ pathway accounted for 142 (79.33%), 123 (67.58%), and 169 (85.21%) records in WMED, ABI, and AMA, respectively. The second most common pathway was ‘transport-contaminant’ related to mariculture (~10% of the total), prevalently in ABI with 42 species (23.08%). The Canary Islands stand out for species introduced through oil platforms from throughout the world. ‘Unaided’ was a relevant pathway of secondary introduction into the WMED, particularly of Lessepsian species progressing westwards. Temporal trends in newly introduced species show similar behavior among subregions. 2023-06-20T10:27:46Z 2023-06-20T10:27:46Z 2023-06-20T10:27:46Z 2023-05-05 journal article Png-Gonzalez L, Comas-González R, Calvo-Manazza M, Follana-Berná G, Ballesteros E, Díaz-Tapia P, Falcón JM, García Raso JE, Gofas S, González-Porto M, et al. Updating the National Baseline of Non-Indigenous Species in Spanish Marine Waters. Diversity. 2023; 15(5):630. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15050630 https://hdl.handle.net/10630/27032 10.3390/d15050630 eng http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ open access Atribución 4.0 Internacional MDPI