<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-05-28T07:47:39Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:riuma.uma.es:10630/28729" metadataPrefix="marc">https://riuma.uma.es/rest/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:riuma.uma.es:10630/28729</identifier><datestamp>2026-02-03T11:38:50Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_10630_2254</setSpec><setSpec>col_10630_37956</setSpec></header><metadata><record xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim http://www.loc.gov/standards/marcxml/schema/MARC21slim.xsd">
   <leader>00925njm 22002777a 4500</leader>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="042">
      <subfield code="a">dc</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="720">
      <subfield code="a">Pinto Tortosa, Antonio Jesús</subfield>
      <subfield code="e">author</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="260">
      <subfield code="c">2022</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2=" " ind1=" " tag="520">
      <subfield code="a">Non-free labor is unfortunately one of the biggest issues in the twenty-first&#xd;
century. Not only does it affect poor countries, but also it is possible to find&#xd;
examples in rich countries. One of the reasons for explaining this situation is that&#xd;
development and demand of different products in the global market makes it&#xd;
impossible for producers to meet the consumers’ requirements unless they cut&#xd;
down expenses in the production process. The working force is often the element&#xd;
in the production chain that suffers the cutting down of expenses the most, so that&#xd;
workers are paid less and less money, and in many cases no money at all, living in&#xd;
a near-to-slavery condition. The aim of this chapter is to define what non-free&#xd;
labor is, as well as to analyze the different economic sectors where we can find&#xd;
examples of non-free labor, describing in the end the main actions that governments&#xd;
undertake to stop such practices.</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind1="8" ind2=" " tag="024">
      <subfield code="a">Pinto Tortosa, Antonio Jesús, ‘Non-Free Labor. Definition, Sectors, and Public Policies Around the World’, in R. Baidaky, S. Sajid, J. Przeperski, V. Nadesan, M.R. Islam &amp; J. Gao (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook on Global Social Problems, London: Palgrave MacMillan, 2022, pp. 1-4.</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind1="8" ind2=" " tag="024">
      <subfield code="a">https://hdl.handle.net/10630/28729</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind1="8" ind2=" " tag="024">
      <subfield code="a">10.1007/978-3-030-68127-2_211-1</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Esclavitud - República Dominicana - S. XX- S. XXI</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield tag="653" ind2=" " ind1=" ">
      <subfield code="a">Esclavitud - Haití - S. XX- S. XXI</subfield>
   </datafield>
   <datafield ind2="0" ind1="0" tag="245">
      <subfield code="a">Non-Free Labor. Definition, Sectors, and Public Policies Around the World</subfield>
   </datafield>
</record>
</metadata></record></GetRecord></OAI-PMH>