<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-06-06T19:09:58Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:riuma.uma.es:10630/28729" metadataPrefix="qdc">https://riuma.uma.es/rest/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:riuma.uma.es:10630/28729</identifier><datestamp>2026-06-02T10:03:41Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_10630_2254</setSpec><setSpec>col_10630_37956</setSpec></header><metadata><qdc:qualifieddc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xmlns:qdc="http://dspace.org/qualifieddc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ http://dublincore.org/schemas/xmls/qdc/2006/01/06/dc.xsd http://purl.org/dc/terms/ http://dublincore.org/schemas/xmls/qdc/2006/01/06/dcterms.xsd http://dspace.org/qualifieddc/ http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/dcmi/xmlschema/qualifieddc.xsd">
   <dc:title>Non-Free Labor. Definition, Sectors, and Public Policies Around the World</dc:title>
   <dc:creator>Pinto-Tortosa, Antonio Jesús</dc:creator>
   <dc:subject>Esclavitud - República Dominicana - S. XX- S. XXI</dc:subject>
   <dc:subject>Esclavitud - Haití - S. XX- S. XXI</dc:subject>
   <dcterms:abstract>Non-free labor is unfortunately one of the biggest issues in the twenty-first&#xd;
century. Not only does it affect poor countries, but also it is possible to find&#xd;
examples in rich countries. One of the reasons for explaining this situation is that&#xd;
development and demand of different products in the global market makes it&#xd;
impossible for producers to meet the consumers’ requirements unless they cut&#xd;
down expenses in the production process. The working force is often the element&#xd;
in the production chain that suffers the cutting down of expenses the most, so that&#xd;
workers are paid less and less money, and in many cases no money at all, living in&#xd;
a near-to-slavery condition. The aim of this chapter is to define what non-free&#xd;
labor is, as well as to analyze the different economic sectors where we can find&#xd;
examples of non-free labor, describing in the end the main actions that governments&#xd;
undertake to stop such practices.</dcterms:abstract>
   <dcterms:dateAccepted>2024-01-15T11:29:04Z</dcterms:dateAccepted>
   <dcterms:available>2024-01-15T11:29:04Z</dcterms:available>
   <dcterms:created>2024-01-15T11:29:04Z</dcterms:created>
   <dcterms:issued>2022</dcterms:issued>
   <dc:type>book part</dc:type>
   <dc:identifier>Pinto Tortosa, Antonio Jesús, ‘Non-Free Labor. Definition, Sectors, and Public Policies Around the World’, in R. Baidaky, S. Sajid, J. Przeperski, V. Nadesan, M.R. Islam &amp; J. Gao (eds.), The Palgrave Handbook on Global Social Problems, London: Palgrave MacMillan, 2022, pp. 1-4.</dc:identifier>
   <dc:identifier>https://hdl.handle.net/10630/28729</dc:identifier>
   <dc:identifier>10.1007/978-3-030-68127-2_211-1</dc:identifier>
   <dc:language>spa</dc:language>
   <dc:rights>open access</dc:rights>
   <dc:publisher>Palgrave MacMillan</dc:publisher>
</qdc:qualifieddc>
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