<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="static/style.xsl"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-05-31T22:18:24Z</responseDate><request verb="GetRecord" identifier="oai:riuma.uma.es:10630/31246" metadataPrefix="qdc">https://riuma.uma.es/rest/oai/request</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:riuma.uma.es:10630/31246</identifier><datestamp>2026-02-03T11:31:39Z</datestamp><setSpec>com_10630_2254</setSpec><setSpec>col_10630_37953</setSpec></header><metadata><qdc:qualifieddc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:dcterms="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xmlns:doc="http://www.lyncode.com/xoai" xmlns:qdc="http://dspace.org/qualifieddc/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/ http://dublincore.org/schemas/xmls/qdc/2006/01/06/dc.xsd http://purl.org/dc/terms/ http://dublincore.org/schemas/xmls/qdc/2006/01/06/dcterms.xsd http://dspace.org/qualifieddc/ http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/metadata/dcmi/xmlschema/qualifieddc.xsd">
   <dc:title>The gas companies in Spain, a long-run approach (1842–2018)</dc:title>
   <dc:creator>Fernández-Paradas, Mercedes</dc:creator>
   <dc:creator>Martínez López, Alberte</dc:creator>
   <dc:creator>Mirás Araujo, Jesús</dc:creator>
   <dc:subject>Gas - Industria - España</dc:subject>
   <dcterms:abstract>The article aims to analyse the evolution of gas companies in Spain from&#xd;
their starting point in the middle of the nineteenth century (when the&#xd;
business was limited to public lighting), up until the complexity of the&#xd;
present day. This process is divided into three main stages according to&#xd;
the general context of the sector. In each period, the profile of the companies&#xd;
will be established, as well as their market and the institutional&#xd;
constraints and strategies that were adopted by the companies to overcome&#xd;
those challenges. We found that most of the peculiar features of&#xd;
the Spanish case history were shared with other Southern European&#xd;
countries. Among others, we outline the delay and low dissemination,&#xd;
the scarcity and high cost of coal, the lack of capital, the technology&#xd;
and know-how and the strong presence of foreign companies.</dcterms:abstract>
   <dcterms:dateAccepted>2024-05-10T08:42:57Z</dcterms:dateAccepted>
   <dcterms:available>2024-05-10T08:42:57Z</dcterms:available>
   <dcterms:created>2024-05-10T08:42:57Z</dcterms:created>
   <dcterms:issued>2022</dcterms:issued>
   <dc:type>journal article</dc:type>
   <dc:identifier>Fernández-Paradas, M., Martínez-López, A., &amp; Mirás-Araujo, J. (2022). The gas companies in Spain, a long-run approach (1842–2018). Business History, 64(1), 75–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/00076791.2019.1683162</dc:identifier>
   <dc:identifier>https://hdl.handle.net/10630/31246</dc:identifier>
   <dc:identifier>10.1080/00076791.2019.1683162</dc:identifier>
   <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
   <dc:rights>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</dc:rights>
   <dc:rights>open access</dc:rights>
   <dc:rights>Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional</dc:rights>
   <dc:publisher>Francis &amp; Taylor/Routledge</dc:publisher>
</qdc:qualifieddc>
</metadata></record></GetRecord></OAI-PMH>