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00925njm 22002777a 4500 dc Escartin, Carole author Galea, Elena author Lakatos, András author O`Callaghan, James P. author Petzold, Gabor C. author Serrano-Pozo, Alberto author Steinhäuser, Christian author Volterra, Andrea author Carmignoto, Giorgo author Agarwal, Amit author Allen, Nicola J. author Araque, Alfonso author Barbeito, Luis author Barzilai, Ari author Bergles, Dwight E. author Bonvento, Gilles author Butt, Arthur M. author Chen, Wei-Ting author Cohen-Salmon, Martine author Cunningham, Colm author Deneen, Benjamin author De Strooper, Bart author Diaz-Castillo, Blanca author Farina, Cinthia author Freeman, Marc author Gallo, Vittorio author Goldman, James E. author Goldman, Steven A. author Götz, Magdalena author Gutiérrez-Pérez, Antonia author Haydon, Philip G. author Heiland, Dieter H. author Hol, Elly M. author Holt, Matthew G. author Lino, Masamitsu author Kastanenka, Ksenia V. author Kettenmann, Helmut author Khakh, Baljit S. author Koizumi, Schuichi author Lee, Justin C. author Liddelow, Shane A. author MacVicar, Brian A. author Magistretti, Pierre author Messing, Albee author Mishra, Anusha author Molofsky, Anna V. author Mural, Keith K. author Norris, Christopher M. author Okada, Seiji author Oliet, Stéphane H.R. author Oliveira, Joao F. author Panatier, Aude author Parpura, Vladimir author Pekna, Marcela author Pekny, Milos author Pellerin, Luc author Perea, Gertrudis author Perez-Nievas, Beatriz G. author Pfrieger, Frank W. author Poskanzer, Kira E. author Quintana, Francisco J. author Ransohoff, Richard M. author Riquelme-Perez, Miriam author Robel, Stefanie author Rose, Christine R. author Rothstein, Jeffrey D. author Rouach, Nathalie author Rowitch, David H. author Semyanov, Alexey author Sirko, Swetlana author Sontheimer, Harald author Swanson, Raymond A. author Vitorica Ferrández, Javier author Wanner, Ina-Beate author Wood, Levi B. author Wu, Jiagin author Zheng, Binhai author Zimmer, Eduardo R. author Zorec, Robert author Sofroniew, Michael author Verkhratsky, Alexei author 2021-02-15 Reactive astrocytes are astrocytes undergoing morphological, molecular, and functional remodeling in response to injury, disease, or infection of the CNS. Although this remodeling was first described over a century ago, uncertainties and controversies remain regarding the contribution of reactive astrocytes to CNS diseases, repair, and aging. It is also unclear whether fixed categories of reactive astrocytes exist and, if so, how to identify them. We point out the shortcomings of binary divisions of reactive astrocytes into good-vs-bad, neurotoxic-vs-neuroprotective or A1-vs-A2. We advocate, instead, that research on reactive astrocytes include assessment of multiple molecular and functional parameters—preferably in vivo—plus multivariate statistics and determination of impact on pathological hallmarks in relevant models. These guidelines may spur the discovery of astrocyte-based biomarkers as well as astrocyte-targeting therapies that abrogate detrimental actions of reactive astrocytes, potentiate their neuro- and glioprotective actions, and restore or augment their homeostatic, modulatory, and defensive functions. Escartin, C., Galea, E., Lakatos, A. et al. Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions. Nat Neurosci 24, 312–325 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-020-00783-4 https://hdl.handle.net/10630/36422 10.1038/s41593-020-00783-4 Astrocitos Neuroglia Neurociencias Sistema nervioso - Enfermedades Sistema nervioso - Regeneración Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions.